摘要
在全球新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进的背景下,加快发展新质生产力是中国提升科技核心竞争力的必然选择。这一战略响应“四个面向”,即面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求和面向人民生命健康,为中国迅速提升国际竞争力和影响力,进而实现“换道超车”提供了历史机遇。然而,百年未有之大变局加速演进下,新质生产力的发展仍面临多重挑战:关键核心技术受制于人、拔尖创新人才相对不足、发达国家地缘技术竞争日趋激烈、领军企业的基础研究普遍缺失等。基于此,需要从四方面发力:健全关键核心技术攻关的新型举国体制,实施系统性战略规划以加快国家科技创新发展;培养高层次技术创新人才,为发展新质生产力汇聚强大的人才支撑力量;培育具有自主创新能力的科技领军企业,激活驱动新质生产力发展的核心引擎;积极推动国际科技交流合作,营造新质生产力发展的全球性开放创新生态。
Under the new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation,accelerating the development of new quality productive forces is an inevitable requirement for China to enhance its core technological competitiveness.Developing new quality productive forces is a major strategic judgement made by China in response to the"Four Orientations".It provides a historical opportunity for China to rapidly enhance its international competitiveness and influence,thereby achieving a"lane-changing overtaking".This paper systematically summarizes the practical challenges faced by the development of new quality productive forces under the new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,using a combination of literature research and case analysis,within the framework of Marxist productivity theory and Schumpeter's innovation theory.The results show that:①Western countries led by the United States are gradually intensifying preventive measures against China in technological competition;meanwhile,China's national innovation system is still not perfect and urgently needs to tackle key core technologies in critical areas.②There remains a relative shortage of top-tier innovation talent in China,with a large gap in high-end talent,especially top innovation talent;the regional and industry distribution of talent is uneven;and there is even a real challenge of talent loss.③The United States increasingly recognizes that its technological leading advantage is being rapidly caught up,and its traditional dominance is facing unprecedented challenges.Consequently,the"exclusivity"aspect of the US technological competition strategy is becoming more pronounced,as it unilaterally provokes the China-US trade war,announces additional tariffs on China,and attempts to weaken China's economic and technological development capabilities through strict import and export controls.④Compared with developed countries,Chinese enterprises still have certain gaps in R&D investment intensity,innovation incentive mechanisms,and the efficiency of results conversion.The main reason is that China's leading enterprises have shown a significant pragmatism in R&D resource allocation,with resources highly concentrated on applied research that can quickly achieve productization and commercial returns,and a relatively low willingness to invest in basic research,which has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of new quality productive forces.Based on this,accelerating the development of new quality productive forces requires establishing a new national system for tackling key core technologies,implementing systematic strategic planning to accelerate national technological innovation development,cultivating high-level talent in technological innovation to gather strong talent support for developing new quality productive forces,fostering technologically leading enterprises with independent innovation capability to activate the driving engine for new quality productive forces,and actively promoting international scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation to create a globally open and innovative ecosystem for the development of new quality productive forces.
作者
张鷟
刘白羽
Zhang Zhuo;Liu Baiyu(School of Marxism,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)
出处
《创新科技》
2025年第11期23-31,F0002,共10页
Innovation science and technology
基金
天津大学政治经济学自主知识体系一般项目“习近平关于生产力重要论述的整体性研究”(2025ZJYJ003)。
关键词
新质生产力
科技创新
产业变革
高质量发展
人工智能
数字经济
马克思主义
科技革命
new quality productive forces
scientific and technological innovation
industrial transformation
high-quality development
artificial intelligence
digital economy
Marxism
scientific and technical revolution
