摘要
目的掌握某部队主要病媒生物的种群构成、密度及季节消长情况,为病媒生物防控提供科学依据。方法2023年4月上旬至10月,按照《全国病媒生物监测实施方案》对场区病媒生物进行调查,其中对成蚊采用双层叠帐法,鼠类采用夹夜法,蜱类采用人工布旗法及宿主体表检蜱法。结果捕获的蚊虫隶属于1科2属4亚属7种,包括里海伊蚊、背点伊蚊、淡色库蚊等,优势种群为里海伊蚊,占比为60.64%。其中4月上旬捕获41只越冬蚊,均为淡色库蚊,楼道内成蚊密度为4.33只/处,高于其他场所;体育场成蚊密度平均为623.00只/(顶·h),高于医院和营区。3种生境中蚊密度与温度均呈显著正相关(均P<0.05)。捕获鼠类为褐家鼠与小家鼠,优势种群为褐家鼠,占比94.10%,小家鼠占比5.90%。鼠类主要分布于牲畜棚、营区,特别是牲畜棚较多,公园、体育场等户外鼠较少。蜱类以银盾革蜱为优势蜱种,占捕获总数的85.50%;亚洲璃眼蜱12只,占捕获总数的14.50%,其中,璃眼蜱若蜱10只,占捕获总数的12.00%。游离蜱主要分布在污水厂,寄生蜱主要分布在牲畜棚。结论某部队主要病媒生物是里海伊蚊、褐家鼠和银盾革蜱,应根据不同病媒生物种类采取不同防控措施。
Objective To understand the population composition,density,and seasonal fluctuation of main vectors in a military unit,so as to provide a scientific basis for vector control.Methods From early April to October 2023,the vectors in the camp area were investigated in accordance with the National Vector Biology Monitoring Implementation Plan.The double mosquito net method was used for adult mosquito,the night trapping method was used for rodent,and the manual flagging method and host tick inspection method were used for tick.Results The mosquitoes included 7 species belonging to 1 family,2 genera and 4 subgenera,including Ochlerotatus caspius,O.dorsalis and Culex pipiens pallens.The dominant species was O.caspius,accounting for 60.64%.A total of 41 overwintering mosquitoes were captured in early April,all of which were Cx.pipiens pallens.The adult mosquito density in corridors was 4.33 mosquitoes per site,which was higher than that in other places.The average adult mosquito density in the stadium was 623.00 mosquitoes per tent per hour,which was higher than that in the hospital and the camp area.There was a significant positive correlation between mosquito density and temperature in all three habitats(all P<0.05).The captured rodents were Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus.R.norvegicus was the dominant rodent species,accounting for 94.10%of the total rodent population,while M.musculus accounted for 5.90%.Rodents were primarily distributed in livestock sheds and the camp area,with a higher density in livestock sheds.Few rodents were found in outdoor areas such as parks and the stadium.Dermacentor niveus was the dominant tick species,accounting for 85.50%of the total number of captured ticks.Twelve individuals of Hyalomma asiaticum were captured,accounting for 14.50%of the total number of captured ticks.Among them,10 were nymphs,accounting for 12.00%of the total number of captured ticks.Questing ticks were mainly distributed in the sewage treatment plant,whereas on-host ticks were primarily distributed in livestock sheds.Conclusion The main vectors in a military unit were O.caspius,R.norvegicus and D.niveus.Different control measures should be taken according to different vector species.
作者
张红
郭澳
高一夫
盛淼波
杨磊
ZHANG Hong;GUO Ao;GAO Yifu;SHENG Miaobo;YANG Lei(Hospital of the Logistics Department,95948th Unit of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army,Lanzhou 732750,China;Public Health School of Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350100,China)
出处
《中华卫生杀虫药械》
2025年第6期688-691,共4页
Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments
关键词
病媒生物
密度
种群构成
监测
vector
density
population composition
surveillance
