摘要
目的了解百色市重要病媒生物的密度、种类构成及其季节消长规律,为制定科学合理的病媒生物防控方案提供依据。方法2022—2024年分别采用笼夜法、诱蚊灯法、笼诱法和粘捕法对百色市鼠类、蚊类、蝇类、蜚蠊进行监测,使用Excel2021和SPSS27.0软件对数据进行统计分析。使用方差分析比较不同生境病媒生物的密度,如不满足正态性或方差齐性,则采用Kruskal-WallisH方法检验。结果2022—2024年,鼠类年平均密度分别为5.40%、7.06%、5.78%,褐家鼠占比73.70%,为优势种群,季节消长呈双峰曲线,高峰期分别为3月和11月,主要分布在重点行业;蚊类年平均密度分别为21.1927.07、9.69只/(灯·夜),致倦库蚊为优势种群(55.82%),6月为密度高峰期,牲畜棚蚊密度最高;蝇类年平均密度分别为1.65、1.18、0.48只/笼,优势种群为市蝇(37.27%),全年无明显高峰期,密度最高生境为农贸市场;蜚蠊年平均密度分别为0.63、0.27、0.21只/张,侵害率分别为8.45%、3.97%、3.62%,德国小蠊(86.62%)占优势,主要分布在农贸市场和餐饮店,3月和7月为密度小高峰。结论百色市病媒生物以褐家鼠、致倦库蚊、市蝇和德国小蠊为优势种群,不同种类病媒生物密度高峰期不同,可根据监测结果结合实际情况开展防制工作。
Objective To investigate the density,species composition and seasonal fluctuation of the important vectors in Baise,so as to provide a basis for formulating scientific and rational plans of vector control.Methods From 2022 to 2024,rodents,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches were monitored by the night cage method,light trap method,cage trapping method and sticky-trap method in Baise,respectively.Excel 2021 and SPSS 27.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data.The densities of vectors in different habitats were compared using analysis of variance(ANOVA).If the data did not meet the assumptions of normality or homogeneity of variances,the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used instead.Results From 2022 to 2024,the annual average densities of rodents were 5.40%,7.06%,and 5.78%,respectively,with Rattus norvegicus accounting for 73.70%and being the dominant species.The seasonal fluctuation showed a bimodal curve,with the peak periods were in March and November.Rodents were mainly distributed in key industries.The annual average densities of mosquitoes were 21.19,27.07 and 9.69 mosquitoes/(lamp·night),respectively.Culex quinquefasciatus was the dominant species(55.82%),and the density peak was in June.The density of mosquitoes in the livestock sheds was the highest.The annual average densities of flies were 1.65,1.18,and 0.48 flies per trap,respectively,with the dominant species being the Musca sorbens(37.27%).And there was no obvious peak period throughout the year,with the highest density habitat being the farmers'market.The annual average densities of cockroaches were 0.63,0.27,and 0.21 cockroaches per sheet,respectively,with infestation rates of 8.45%,3.97%,and 3.62%,respectively,and Blattella germanica(86.62%)was dominant species.Cockroaches were mainly distributed in farmers'market and catering,and two small peaks of density were in March and July.Conclusion In Baise,the dominant species of vectors are R.norvegicus,Cx.quinquefasciatus,M.sorbens,and B.germanica.The peak density periods for different types of vectors vary.Control measures can be implemented based on surveillance results and actual conditions.
作者
梁春朵
陆夏瑜
黄根
田红艳
余水兰
邓树嵩
LIANG Chunduo;LU Xiayu;HUANG Gen;TIAN Hongyan;YU Shuilan;DENG Shusong(Baise Center for Disease and Prevention,Baise,Guangxi 533000,China;Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities of Public Health,Baise,Guangxi 533000,China)
出处
《中华卫生杀虫药械》
2025年第6期684-687,共4页
Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments
关键词
病媒生物
密度
种群构成
季节消长
监测
vector
density
species composition
seasonal fluctuation
surveillance
