摘要
目的掌握兰州市病媒生物生态学分布及季节消长规律,为病媒生物性疾病监测预警提供基础资料。方法在兰州市各县区开展鼠、蚊、蝇和蜚蠊密度监测,鼠类采用夹夜法和粘鼠板法、成蚊采用诱蚊灯法、蝇类采用笼诱法、蜚蠊采用粘捕法。不同生境间的病媒生物密度比较采用χ^(2)检验。结果2024年兰州市鼠类捕获率为0.10%,在农村居民区鼠密度较高且无季节差异,不同生境鼠种捕获率无统计学差异(χ^(2)=7.099,P=0.069)。全年成蚊密度为2.87只/(灯·夜),不同生境成蚊密度差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=245.00,P=0.506);高峰出现在7—8月,且不同生境成蚊密度差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=31.645,P<0.001)。蝇密度2.11只/笼,在7月达到最高,各生境蝇类密度差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=15.862,P=0.070)。蜚蠊密度为0.26只/张,侵害率11.84%,农贸市场、超市、餐饮和居民区蜚蠊密度差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=48.375,P<0.001)。结论兰州市病媒生物鼠、蚊、蝇和蜚蠊整体密度处于较低水平。建议根据各县区实际情况优化监测点布局,切实做好病媒生物的预警与防制工作。
Objective To understand the ecological distribution and seasonal fluctuation of vectors in Lanzhou.and provide basic data for vector-borne disease surveillance and early warning.MethodsThe densities monitoring of rodents,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches were carried out in all counties and districts of Lanzhou.The rodent density was monitored by the night trap and sticky board method,adult mosquitoes by the mosquito trap method,flies by the cage trap method,and cockroaches by the sticky trap method.The density of vector among different habitats was compared by Chi-square test.ResultsIn 2024,the rodent capture rate in Lanzhou was0.10%.Rodent density was higher in rural residential areas with no seasonal variation.There was no statistically significant difference in rodent capture rates among different habitats(X^(2)=7.099,P=0.069).The annual adult mosquito density was 2.87 mosquitoes per light per night.No statisticallysignificant difference in adult mosquito density was observed across different habitats throughout the year(X^(2)=245.00,P=0.506).A density peak occurred in July-August,during which a statistically significant difference in mosquito density was found across different habitats(X^(2)=31.645,P<0.001).The fly density was 2.11 flies per cage,reaching the peak in July.No statistically significant difference in fly density was observed among different habitats(X^(2)=15.862,P=0.070).The cockroach density was 0.26 cockroaches per sticky trap,with an infestation rate of 11.84%.A statistically significant difference in cockroach density was observed among farmers’markets,supermarkets,catering establishments,and residential areas(x2=48.375,P<0.001).ConclusionThe overall density of rodents,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches was at a low level in Lanzhou.It is suggested to optimize the layout of monitoring sites according to the actual situation of different county and district,and effectively carry out early warning and control of vectors.
作者
罗军德
孙毓羚
王宇红
李小龙
施银平
LUOJunde;SUN Yuling;WANG Yuhong;LI Xiaolong;SHI Yinping(Lanzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Lanzhou Municipal Health supervision Institute),Lanzhou 730030,China)
出处
《中华卫生杀虫药械》
2025年第6期696-700,共5页
Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments
基金
兰州市科技计划项目(2024-4-39)。
关键词
病媒生物
密度
监测
季节消长
vector
density
surveillance
seasonal fluctuation
