摘要
目前对富锗土壤的研究与开发逐渐增多,全国尚没有统一的富锗土壤国家标准或行业标准,在一定程度上阻碍了富锗产业的发展,因此土壤富锗地方标准的制定具有重要的现实意义。文章依据对贵州全省耕地454453个土壤样品分析测试结果,参考目前关于土壤锗含量分级的3种分级方法,对土壤锗含量进行分级。并根据不同的影响因素进行统计计算,得出土壤锗含量的分级临界值。经过计算所有样品5个等级的分级临界值分别为2.00×10^(−6)、1.70×10^(−6)、1.35×10^(−6)、1.07×10^(−6)。建议将1.70×10^(−6)作为全省耕地土壤富锗标准参考值,并根据土壤的不同pH条件、不同成土母岩或土地利用类型进行综合分级。
Germanium is a rare and dispersed element in nature.Positioned between metals and non-metals on the periodic table,germanium possesses properties of both groups.In soils,germanium mainly originates from rock weathering and mineral formation.Monitoring and statistical data show that the background content of germanium in soil in China is 1.7 mg·kg^(−1),while the latest research suggests that the background or benchmark value for germanium in cultivated soils in China ranges from 1.3 mg·kg^(−1) to 1.4 mg·kg^(−1).At present,studies on grading germanium contents in soils mostly adopt the cumulative frequency analysis method.This approach tests whether the data follow a normal distribution or log-normal distribution.Once the data conform to one of these distributions,a critical percentile value is established to determine the grading standard,which is typically divided into five levels.This germanium content in soils is then classified according to these levels.In recent years,Chinese government’s emphasis on functional agriculture has led to a surge in research and exploitation of germanium-enriched soil and crops.However,no unified national or industry standards currently exist;only Heilongjiang Province has issued the local standard for evaluating germanium-enriched soil.Therefore,the timely establishment of such standard is of great significance for the industrialization of germanium-enriched products and for the sustainable and healthy development of the relevant market.The geochemical survey and evaluation of cultivated land quality in Guizhou Province is a high-precision study encompassing all cultivated land in the province at a scale of 1:50,000.The sampling areas mainly include cultivated lands,such as paddy fields,dry land,irrigated land,and a small proportion of tea gardens,orchards,etc.A total of 454,453 surface soil samples from cultivated lands were collected.Based on the analysis and testing results of these samples,this study adopted three grading methods to classify soil germanium contents and calculated the critical values for grading soil germanium contents according to different influencing factors.The threshold values for five grades of all samples were calculated as 2.00 mg·kg^(−1),1.70 mg·kg^(−1),1.35 mg·kg^(−1) and 1.07 mg·kg^(−1),respectively.These values were divided into five levels to represent the abundance or deficiency of germanium contents in soils.The critical value of the first level is generally used as the standard for germanium enrichment.Considering the current germanium contents in cultivated soils of Guizhou Province,the proportion of germanium-enriched soils,and the development needs of the germanium enrichment industry,it is advisable to use the second-level critical value of 1.70 mg·kg^(−1)-corrected by the arithmetic mean method across all samples-as the reference standard for germanium enrichment in cultivated soils in the province.Additionally,reference values for germanium enrichment in soils can also be established based on variations in soil pH ranges,parent rocks,or land use types.This study uses 1.70 mg·kg^(−1) as the reference value.The number of samples meeting the standard for germanium enrichment in soils is 126,395,accounting for 27.8%.The cultivated area characterized by soils enriched with germanium in the province is about 16.08 million mu,representing 22.3%of the total surveyed area.The sample scope of this study covers agricultural soils throughout Guizhou Province,ensuring broad representativeness and diversity.Analysis and testing were carried out in accordance with the established standard,employing quality control measures such as inclusion of the substances meeting the national first-class standard,monitoring samples,repeated checks,and spot checks for anomalies.Therefore,the results are authentic,scientific,and valuable for reference.In addition,the contents of organic matter,aluminum/iron oxides,clay minerals,and redox potential in soils have a certain impact on the available contents of germanium in soils.Future research should focus on a more detailed classification of standards for germanium enrichment in soils.
作者
马骅
蔡大为
任明强
李龙波
MA Hua;CAI Dawei;REN Mingqiang;LI Longbo(Guizhou Geological Environment Monitoring Institute,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China)
出处
《中国岩溶》
北大核心
2025年第5期1074-1083,共10页
Carsologica Sinica
基金
贵州省自然资源厅贵州省耕地质量地球化学调查评价(黔耕调2017-04)。
关键词
土壤
锗含量
富锗
耕地
分级
标准
贵州省
soil
germanium content
germanium-enrichment
cultivated land
grading
standard
Guizhou Province
