摘要
1959年发掘的大汶口墓地,曾出土一批被称之为“象牙琮”的器物,形制与一般认为的玉琮完全不同,但一直没有对其功能和性质做出合理解释。分析这批“象牙琮”的形制、发展演变和所处年代,综合讨论另外一些大汶口文化遗址中出土的玉石、陶、蚌质同类器物,联系其在墓葬中的出土情景,可以确定这一类器物应是当时人们的耳部装饰,即耳珰。这一类耳部装饰主要存在于大汶口文化中晚期阶段,并且使用者有由男性向女性转变的趋势。同时,在海岱地区的外围地带,如黄河中游地区的大河村、清凉寺和碧村,长江中游的雕龙碑、城头山和大溪,长江下游南北的凌家滩、东山村、三星村和邱承墩等遗址,在当地的文化遗存之中,或多或少地包含有相同形制的玉石质和陶质、骨角牙质耳珰。
During the 1959 excavation of the Dawenkou cemetery,a group of artifacts referred to as"ivory cong"was unearthed.Their form,however,differs entirely from the jade cong conventionally recognized,and 99 their function and nature have long lacked a convincing explanation.By analyzing the form,chronological development,and evolutionary trajectory of these so-called"ivory cong,"and by considering comparable jade,pottery,and shell specimens recovered from other Dawenkou cultural sites,together with their archaeological contexts in burials,it can be argued that these artifacts were in fact ear ornaments(erdang)Such ornaments are mainly found in the middle to late phases of the Dawenkou culture,with evidence suggesting a shift in use from male to female wearers.Beyond the Haidai region,similar forms,which were made of jade,pottery,bone,antler,or ivory,also appear in surrounding cultural contexts,including the middle Yellow River sites of Dahecun,Qingliangsi,and Bicun;the middle Yangtze sites of Diaolongbei,Chengtoushan,and Daxi;and sites in the lower Yangtze north and south such as Lingjiatan,Dongshancun,Sanxingcun,and Qiuchengdun.
出处
《中原文物》
北大核心
2025年第5期87-100,共14页
Cultural Relics of Central China
关键词
大汶口文化
象牙琮
耳珰
功能
文化交流
Dawenkou culture
ivory cong
ear ornaments
function
cultural interaction
