摘要
电石(CaC_(2))作为一种高熔点的工业原料,在炼钢温度下为固体,可发挥钙的强脱氧作用,同时其成本较低,可替代部分铝用于炼钢脱氧,从而降低生产成本。本文通过热力学及动力学分析电石的脱氧能力,阐述电石脱氧的理论基础。利用电石单独脱氧的平衡氧质量分数约为0.0080%,在炼钢过程中需结合其他合金脱氧才能将氧含量降低至较低水平。转炉出钢过程中,钢中氧质量分数为0.0500%时,需加入1.70 kg/t的电石和0.82 kg/t的铝进行脱氧,而单独铝脱氧则需加入1.77 kg/t的铝,电石和铝复合脱氧相较于单独铝脱氧可减少0.95 kg/t的铝用量,可通过钢中总氧含量计算吨钢电石用量及可减少的铝用量。本文计算条件下,加入0.98 kg/t的电石与1.11 kg/t的铝用量,可有效脱氧并使钢液成分达标,吨钢成本相较目前28.67元降低4.03元,因此电石的加入有效减少铝用量、降低成本。动力学计算表明,电石脱氧速率与电石粒径有关,同样的加入量下,较小的颗粒与钢液的接触面积更大,脱氧速度更快。考虑到电石使用的危险性及电石脱氧的效率问题,推荐使用5~10 mm粒径的电石用于脱氧过程。
Calcium carbide(CaC_(2)),as a high-melting-point industrial raw material,remains solid at steelmaking temperatures and exerts the strong deoxidizing power of calcium.With its relatively low cost,it can partially substitute for aluminum in steel deoxidation,thereby reducing production expenses.This study analyzes the deoxidation capability of calcium carbide through thermodynamic and kinetic principles,explaining the theoretical basis of its deoxidizing behavior.The equilibrium oxygen mass fraction after deoxidation by calcium carbide alone is about 0.0080%;therefore,other deoxidizers must be combined during steelmaking to reduce the oxygen content to a sufficiently low level.During converter tapping,when the oxygen content in the steel is 0.0500%,the addition of 1.70 kg/t of calcium carbide and 0.82 kg/t of aluminum is required for deoxidation,whereas using aluminum alone would require 1.77 kg/t of aluminum.The combined use of calcium carbide and aluminum reduces aluminum consumption by 0.95 kg/t compared to aluminum-only deoxidation.The amount of calcium carbide per ton of steel and the corresponding aluminum reduction can be calculated based on the total oxygen content in the steel.Under the conditions considered in this study,adding 0.98 kg/t of calcium carbide and 1.11 kg/t of aluminum achieves effective deoxidation and meets the required composition standards.The cost per ton of steel is reduced by 4.03 RMB compared to the current cost of 28.67 RMB.Thus,the addition of calcium carbide effectively reduces aluminum consumption and lowers cost.Kinetic calculations show that the deoxidation rate of calcium carbide depends on its particle size.For the same addition amount,smaller particles provide greater contact area with the molten steel,leading to a faster deoxidation rate.Considering both safety and efficiency in the use of calcium carbide,a particle size of 5-10 mm is recommended for the deoxidation process.
作者
杨海昕
刘晓峰
张波
王举金
张立峰
YANG Haixin;LIU Xiaofeng;ZHANG Bo;WANG Jujin;ZHANG Lifeng(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Steelmaking Plant,Chongqing Iron and Steel Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401258,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,Hebei,China;School of Mechanical and Material Engineering,North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China)
出处
《中国冶金》
北大核心
2025年第11期79-89,共11页
China Metallurgy
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFB3709901)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22A20171,52204333)。
关键词
电石
脱氧
热力学
动力学
转炉炼钢
calcium carbide
deoxidation
thermodynamic
kinetic
converter steelmaking
