摘要
【目的】深入探究消费者对不同水果感官属性的关注度和偏好度。【方法】以苹果、梨、葡萄、桃、草莓和榴莲为研究对象,采用李克特五点量表法开展两阶段问卷调查,获取了全国范围内消费者评价及偏好数据,并通过统计分析量化了消费者对水果感官属性的重要性评价及高关注度属性的性状偏好。【结果】酸甜风味、果肉质地、果肉汁液含量等感官属性是消费者关注的核心指标。在核果与仁果类水果中,70%的消费者对其关注度评分均超过4分,而在浆果类水果中这一比例达到74%。在性状偏好层面,消费者普遍偏好口感偏甜、质地细腻、汁液丰富的水果,在苹果、梨和桃中,80%以上的消费者对其偏好度最高。但在果实色泽、香气等外观及特殊属性上,消费者的偏好存在显著异质性。【结论】研究结果可以为水果产业优化品种结构、改良产品特性、实施精准市场策略及推动新品种选育提供数据支持。
【Objective】With the improvement of residents'quality of life,consumers'demand for fruit has gradually changed from basic consumption to quality,individuation,and diversification.The inter-ests of consumers are no longer limited to the basic nutritional value of fruit,but more concerned about its sensory properties,such as taste,aroma,appearance,and so on.In the fruit market with prominent consumption-driven and diversified demands,accurately grasping the attention and preference differenc-es of different consumer groups on sensory attributes and traits of fruits is of vital significance for the production side to adjust product results,optimize product configuration,and enhance market competi-tiveness.This study aimed to investigate the importance consumers place on various sensory attributes and their specific preferences,providing empirical insights for optimizing fruit variety selection,im-proving product characteristics,and guiding targeted marketing strategies.Additionally,by focusing on consumer perceptions,this research seeked to generate a comprehensive data set that would support more informed decision-making for stakeholders across the fruit industry,ensuring that product develop-ment would be closely aligned with evolving market demands.Fruits,as an essential source of nutrition that meets people's aspirations for a better life,play a crucial role in implementing the broad food per-spective and holistic health strategy.Therefore,the development of the fruit industry must adhere to a market-oriented approach,and technological research in the industry should fully consider market de-mands and consumer preferences.【Methods】This study selected apples,pears,grapes,peaches,straw-berries,and durians as research subjects.The survey utilized a five-point Likert scale to collect first hand data on consumers’evaluations of the importance of sensory attributes and their specific trait pref-erences.In the first stage,respondents rated the importance of key sensory attributes,including sweet sour flavor,texture,flesh juiciness,color,and aroma.In the second stage,participants with high atten-tion to specific attributes further detailed their preferences for those traits.Statistical analyses,including descriptive statistics and clustering methods,were applied to quantify consumer evaluations and identi-fy patterns in sensory preferences.Moreover,the survey sample encompassed a broad demographic spectrum across various age groups,geographic regions,and socio-economic statuses to ensure repre-sentativeness.The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were confirmed through pilot studies and iterative refinements,thereby guaranteeing the robustness and reproducibility of the collected data.【Re-sults】The findings revealed that sweet-sour flavor,flesh texture,and flesh juiciness were the most criti-cal sensory attributes influencing consumer choices,while external attributes such as color and aroma exhibited greater variability in importance.Consumers generally favored fruits with a sweeter taste,deli-cate texture,and abundant juice.Specifically,sweet-sour flavor and flesh texture were the most impor-tant sensory attributes of fruits such as apples,pears,and peaches.Berry fruits are typically small,juicy,and contain multiple seeds.Consumers particularly valued the sweet and sour taste,pulp texture,flesh juiciness,color,and aroma types of strawberries and grapes.However,significant heterogeneity was ob-served in preferences for external attributes:For instance,preferences for fruit color varied depending on the fruit type,and the importance of aroma was more pronounced in specific fruits such as durians and strawberries.Detailed trait analysis further indicated that consumers generally favored fruits exhibit-ing pronounced sweetness,a delicate yet well-balanced texture,and abundant juice.In fruits like apples,pears,and peaches,a harmonious balance of sweet and sour flavors combined with optimal textural qualities played a pivotal role in shaping consumer preferences.High flesh juiciness consistently corre-lated with perceptions of freshness and superior quality,reinforcing its significance as a key selection criterion.In contrast,external sensory attributes such as color and aroma were subjected to considerable individual variability,reflecting differences in aesthetic and olfactory preferences across fruit types.【Conclusions】This study obtained the degree of consumers'attention to different sensory attributes of apples,pears,grapes,peaches,strawberries,and durians,and at the same time obtained the sensory traits that consumers paid more attention to,which would provide the data basis for breeders,producers,and sellers to breed,produce,and sell the above fruits.The conclusions could provide data support for the fruit industry to optimize variety structures,improve product characteristics,and implement targeted marketing strategies.Moreover,the results would support the breeding and development of new fruit va-rieties that align with consumer expectations,thereby improving market acceptance and promoting the sustainable development of the fruit industry.These insights would provide a robust foundation for stakeholders across the fruit industry.For producers and marketers,the findings would offer clear guid-ance for refining product characteristics and optimizing variety structures in order to better meet con-sumer expectations.For breeders,the delineated sensory trait targets could inform the development of new fruit varieties designed to enhance market acceptance.Overall,the study underscored the impor-tance of integrating consumer feedback into the product development cycle to achieve improved market responsiveness and competitive advantage.Future research should explore regional and cultural varia-tions in sensory attribute preferences,as well as examine the impact of emerging consumer trends on fruit selection.
作者
王大江
张乐
王孝娣
王斐
李鹏
王宝亮
冯学杰
王昆
高源
王敬东
穆维松
冯建英
王海波
WANG Dajiang;ZHANG Le;WANG Xiaodi;WANG Fei;LI Peng;WANG Baoliang;FENG Xue-jie;WANG Kun;GAO Yuan;WANG Jingdong;MUWeisong;FENG Jianying;WANG Haibo(Research Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crops Germplasm Resourc-es Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China;College of Information and Electrical Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Sanya Institute,Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya 572024,Hainan,China;Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Jinan 250000,Shandong,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第12期2961-2977,共17页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项所级统筹项目(1610182024013,1610182023008),中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-RIP-02)
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29)。
关键词
水果
感官属性
重要性评价
消费者偏好
Fruits
Sensory attribute
Importance evaluation
Consumer preferences
