摘要
【目的】探明38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG对烟草赤星病病菌的抑制活性及其对感赤星病烟叶叶际微生物组成的影响,为38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG对赤星病的田间防控提供理论基础。【方法】采用菌丝生长速率法测定38%唑醚·啶酰菌对赤星病病菌链格孢的抑菌活性,并使用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术分析38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG施用后,健康与感病烟叶叶际微生物群落结构和多样性变化。【结果】烟草赤星病菌菌丝对38%唑醚·啶酰菌敏感性较强,其EC_(50)值为0.33 mg/L。施药前及施药后5 d、10 d、15 d健康烟叶的真菌OTU数均高于感病烟叶。施药后10 d感病烟叶的细菌OTU数高于健康烟叶;施药后5 d、15 d健康烟叶的细菌OTU数增加,均高于感病烟叶。健康烟叶真菌多样性均显著高于感病烟叶;除施药后10 d外,健康烟叶真菌丰富度均高于感病烟叶,差异不显著;施药后,健康与感病烟叶细菌多样性和丰富度均产生差异。施药前,感赤星病烟叶叶际优势真菌属为链格孢属(Alternaria)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)、Boeremia;优势细菌属为泛菌属(Pantoea)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)。施药后5 d,感病烟叶细菌泛菌属(Pantoea)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)及真菌枝孢属(Cladosporium)、Boeremia相对丰度下降,真菌链格孢属(Alternaria)相对丰度上升;健康烟叶中细菌魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)、泛菌属(Pantoea)及真菌枝孢属(Cladosporium)相对丰度明显下降,同时细菌乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度增加。施药后10 d,感病烟叶中细菌泛菌属(Pantoea)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)相对丰度均上升,细菌马赛菌属(Massilia)、Ciceribacter及真菌枝孢属(Cladosporium)、Boeremia相对丰度均下降;健康烟叶中细菌Ciceribacter相对丰度升高,真菌链格孢属(Alternaria)、Boeremia相对丰度均下降。施药后15 d,感病烟叶细菌泛菌属(Pantoea)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)及真菌枝孢属(Cladosporium)相对丰度均下降。施用38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG对感病烟叶中真菌、细菌群落结构影响较小。健康和感病烟叶中致病性腐生菌共生体菌群相对丰度随用药时间延长而逐渐下降;施药前后,健康和感病烟叶叶际细菌优势功能群组成结构无明显变化。【结论】38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG对烟草赤星病病菌(Alternaria)菌丝生长具有抑制效果。施用38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG后,健康烟叶中链格孢属(Alternaria)相对丰度下降,感病烟叶中链格孢属(Alternaria)相对丰度仍维持较高水平。38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG在烟草赤星病发病早期有一定的预防控制效果。
【Objective】The inhibitory activity of 38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid WG against Alternaria alternata and its effects on phyllosphere microbial community structure were studied,which provided theoretical basis for field controlling of A.alternata by 38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid WG.【Method】The inhibitory activity of the pyraclostrobin·boscalid against A.alternata was determined by using the mycelial growth rate method.The Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was utilized to analyze alterations in the internal fungal and bacterial community structure and diversity within healthy and diseased tobacco leaves treated with 38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid WG.【Result】The mycelium of A.alternata exhibited high sensitivity to 38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid,with an EC_(50) value of 0.33 mg/L.The fungal OTU numbers in healthy tobacco leaves remained higher than those in infected leaves before application and at 5,10,15 days post-application.The bacterial OTU numbers in infected leaves showed higher counts than healthy leaves before application and at 10 days post-application,whereas healthy leaves demonstrated increased bacterial OTUs and surpassed infected leaves at 5 and 15 days after treatment.Fungal diversity in healthy leaves was consistently significantly higher than in diseased leaves.Except at 10 days post-application,healthy leaves maintained higher fungal richness compared to infected leaves,but has no significant differences.Before applying 38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid,the predominant phyllotropic fungi of tobacco leaves infected with tobacco brown spot were Alternaria,Cladosporium and Boeremia,and the dominant bacterial genera were Pantoea,Sphingomonas and Pseudomona.After 5 days of application,the relative abundance of Pantoea,Pseudomonas,Sphingomonas,Cladosporium and Boeremia from infected leaves decreased,while the relative abundance of Alternaria increased.The relative abundance of Weissella,Pantoea and Cladosporium from healthy leaves significantly decreased as that of Lactobacillus increased obviously.At 10 days after application,the relative abundance of Pantoea,Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas from infected leaves all increased,but the relative abundance of Massilia and Ciceribacter,as well as fungi such as Cladosporium decreased.The relative abundance of Ciceribacter from healthy leaves increased,while Boeremia and Alternaria from fungal genera decreased.The relative abundance of Pantoea,Sphingomonas and Cladosporium decreased at day 15.Applying 38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid WG had minimal influence on the fungal and bacterial community structures in infected tobacco leaves.In both healthy and diseased tobacco leaves,the relative abundance of symbiotic fungal communities of pathogenic saprophytic bacteria gradually declined as the duration of application time.Furthermore,no significant changes were observed in the compositional structure of dominant functional groups of phyllosphere bacteria in healthy or diseased tobacco leaves before and after the pesticide treatment.【Conclusion】38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid WG demonstrated inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth of Alternaria.After applying 38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid WG,the relative abundance of Alternaria in healthy tobacco leaves decreased significantly,while that in diseased tobacco leaves remained at a relatively high level.The 38% pyraclostrobin·boscalid WG exhibited certain preventive efficacy against Alternaria alternata during its early infection stages.
作者
张琴叶
汪汉成
蔡刘体
李菲
ZHANG Qinye;WANG Hancheng;CAI Liuti;LI Fei(Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025;Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang,Guizhou 550081,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
2025年第12期99-109,共11页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国烟草总公司科技项目(110202101048〔LS-08〕),(110202001035〔LS-04〕)
国家自然科学基金项目(32460698)
贵州省科技基金项目(黔科合基础-ZK〔2021〕重点036)
贵州省“百层次”创新型人才(黔科合平台人才-GCC〔2022〕028-1),(黔科合平台人才-GCC〔2023〕108)
贵州省科技创新人才团队项目(黔科合平台人才-CXTD〔2023〕021)
中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2024XM06)。
关键词
烟草赤星病
吡唑醚菌酯
啶酰菌胺
叶际微生物
高通量测序
Alternaria alternata
pyraclostrobin
boscalid
phyllosphere microecology
high-throughput sequencing
