摘要
针对传统电动挖掘机驱动电机转速恒定、未能充分利用其调速能力以优化能效的问题,通过电机与泵的协同控制提升系统效率。分析永磁同步电机和轴向柱塞泵的能量损耗;分别建立永磁同步电机和轴向柱塞泵的效率模型,获取其效率特性;基于电机和泵的效率特性,提出一种大排量优先的变转速变排量控制策略,通过动态匹配电机转速与泵排量,使系统优先工作于高效区;最后,构建涵盖永磁同步电机、轴向柱塞泵、正流量系统及机械系统的电磁机液全局仿真模型。典型挖掘工况下的联合仿真结果表明:与传统定转速变排量策略相比,所提方法在150、170、200 L/min极限流量下,系统能耗分别降低了7.39%、3.91%和1.18%。引入电机调速可有效提升系统能效,且在需求流量较低时节能效果更显著,为电动挖掘机的节能设计提供了新思路。
To address the issue of traditional electric excavator drive motors operating at constant speeds and failing to fully utilize their speed regulation capabilities for energy efficiency optimization,system efficiency was improved through the coordinated control of the motor and pump.The energy losses of the permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)and axial piston pump were analyzed.Efficiency models for both the PMSM and axial piston pump were established to obtain their efficiency characteristics.Then,based on the efficiency characteristics of the motor and pump,a variable speed and variable displacement control strategy prioritizing large displacement was proposed.By dynamically matching motor speed and pump displacement,the system could operate primarily in its high-efficiency region.Finally,an electromagnetism-mechanical-hydraulic global simulation model was constructed covering permanent magnet synchronous motors,axial piston pumps,positive displacement systems,and mechanical systems.Co-simulation results under typical excavation conditions show that,compared to the traditional constant speed and variable displacement strategy,the proposed method reduces system energy consumption by 7.39%,3.91%and 1.18%at extreme flow rates of 150 L/min,170 L/min and 200 L/min,respectively.Introducing motor speed regulation can effectively improve system energy efficiency,and the energy-saving effect is more significant when the demand flow is low,which provides a new idea for the energy-saving design of electric excavators.
作者
余饶
宋艺博
张站
李丰驰
姚建勇
YU Rao;SONG Yibo;ZHANG Zhan;LI Fengchi;YAO Jianyong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science&Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210094,China)
出处
《机床与液压》
北大核心
2025年第23期25-34,共10页
Machine Tool & Hydraulics
基金
国家重点研发项目(2024YFB4709600)
国家自然科学基金项目(U24A20112)。
关键词
电动挖掘机
节能控制策略
能效优化
电磁机液仿真
electric excavator
energy-saving control strategy
energy efficiency optimization
electromagnetism-mechanical-hydraulic simulation
