摘要
[目的]探究表面活性剂配施钾肥对烤烟上部叶生长发育、钾离子通道基因表达和品质的影响。[方法]通过田间试验,以中烟100为试验品种,设置CK:清水、T1:1.0 g/kg蔗糖脂肪酸酯、T2:2.5 g/L水溶性硫酸钾、T3:5.0 g/L磷酸二氢钾、T4:2.5 g/L磷酸氢二钾、T5:2.5 g/L水溶性硫酸钾+1000 mg/kg蔗糖脂肪酸酯、T6:5.0 g/L磷酸二氢钾+1.0 g/kg蔗糖脂肪酸酯、T7:2.5 g/L磷酸氢二钾+1.0 g/kg蔗糖脂肪酸酯,共8个处理。于打顶后每10 d喷施一次,共3次。对烤烟上部烟叶光合指标、烟叶全钾、钾素代谢关键基因表达量、碳氮代谢酶活、常规化学成分等进行取样测定。[结果]烤烟打顶后喷施表面活性剂配施不同钾肥,对生长发育、钾离子通道基因表达和烟叶品质均具有提升效果。生长发育方面,喷施30 d后,T6处理较T3处理提升2.42%,T6处理的GS、SS、SC活性差异显著高于T5、T7处理。全钾含量与K+通道基因表达方面,T6处理较CK显著提高26.03%,且高于其他所有处理。钾离子通道基因NKT1和NtKC1表达量在T6处理下最高,较单施(T3)分别上调11.21%和19.10%;钾转运体蛋白基因NtTPK1表达量显著高于其他处理。烤烟品质方面,T6开片度达52.63%,单叶重较CK增加14.00%,含梗率降低至21.94%。各处理与CK相比,烟碱、还原糖、总糖、总氮、钾含量均有所提升,钾氯比优化至1.17。T6感官总分58.0,较CK提高1.93%,香气质、透发性得分最高。[结论]喷施表面活性剂配施钾肥具有促进烤烟上部叶生长发育,协同提升烟叶全钾含量,上调NKT1、NtKC1等钾转运基因的表达,提升烤烟品质的作用。其中,T6处理(5.0 g/L磷酸二氢钾+1.0 g/kg蔗糖脂肪酸酯)最优。
[Objective]The paper aimed to investigate the effects of surfactant with potash fertilizer on the growth and development,potassium ion channel gene expression and quality of upper leaves of flue-cured tobacco.[Method]Through field experiments,using Chinese Tobacco 100 as the test variety,we set up CK:Water,T1:1.0 g/kg sucrose fatty acid ester,T2:2.5 g/L water-soluble potassium sulfate,T3:5.0 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate,T4:2.5 g/L potassium hydrogen phosphate,T5:2.5 g/Lwater-soluble potassium sulfate+1000 mg/kg sucrose fatty acid ester,T6:5.0 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate+1.0 g/kg sucrose fatty acid ester,T6:5.0 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate+1.0 g/kg sucrose fatty acid ester,T7:2.5 g/L potassium hydrogen phosphate+1.0 g/kg sucrose fatty acid ester,totaling eight treatments.They were sprayed every 10 days after topping,totaling 3 times.Samples were taken for the determination of photosynthesis indexes,whole potassium,expression of key genes of potassium metabolism,carbon and nitrogen metabolizing enzyme activities,and conventional chemical compositionin the upper part of the flue-cured cigarettes.[Result]Spraying surfactants combined with different potassium fertilizers after topping of flue-cured tobacco could improve the growth and development,potassium channel gene expression and tobacco quality.For growth and development,after 30 days of spraying,T6 treatment was elevated by 2.42%compared with T3 treatment,and the differences in GS,SS and SC activities were significantly higher in T6 treatment than in T5 and T7 treatments.Regarding the whole potassium content and K+channel gene expression,T6 treatment was significantly increased by 26.03%compared with CK and was higher than all other treatments.The expression of potassium ion channel genes NKTI and NtKCI was the highest under T6 treatment,which was up-regulated by 11.21%and 19.1%,respectively,compared with single application(T3);The expression of potassium transporter protein gene NtTPK1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments.As for the quality of flue-cured tobacco,the opening degree of T6 reached 52.63%,the weight of single leaf increased by 14.00% compared with that of CK,and the percentage of peduncle content decreased to 21.94%.Compared with CK,the nicotine,reducing sugar,total sugar,total nitrogen and potassium contents of each treatment were improved,and the potassium-chlorine ratio was optimized to 1.17.The total sensory score of T6 was 66.41,with the highest scores of aroma and translucency,which was increased by 2.09%compared with CK.[Conclusion]Spraying surfactant with potash fertilizer has the effect of promoting the growth and development of the upper leaves of roasted tobacco,synergistically enhancing the whole potassium content of tobacco,up-regulating the expression of potassium transporter genes such as NKTI and NtKCI,and enhancing the quality of roasted tobacco.Among them,T6 treatment(5.0 g/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate+1.0 g/kg sucrose fatty acid ester)is optimal.
作者
吴亭萱
马世原
张士怡
梁一凡
李俊营
常栋
杨晓朋
梁柯伟
姬小明
许跃奇
WU Ting-xuan;MA Shi-yuan;ZHANG Shi-yi;LIANG Yi-fan;LI Jun-ying;CHANG Dong;YANG Xiao-peng;LIANG Ke-wei;JI Xiao-ming;XU Yue-qi(College of Tobacco,Henan Agricultural University/Pingdingshan Branch of Henan Tobacco Company,Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期2479-2487,共9页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司科技项目(PYKJ202401)。
关键词
表面活性剂
钾肥
烤烟
钾离子通道
品质
Surfactant
Potassium fertilizer
Flue-cured tobacco
Potassium ion channel
Quality
