摘要
本试验旨在探究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)水平对琅琊鸡生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫机能及肠道微生物的影响。选择1800只1日龄琅琊鸡(公母各占1/2),采用2(性别)×5(饲粮CP水平)双因素试验设计,按体重相近原则随机分为10组,每组6个重复,每重复30只鸡。饲粮CP水平分别为18%、19%、20%、21%和22%。试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)20%CP水平组平均日增重显著高于其他CP水平组(P<0.05),料重比显著低于其他CP水平组(P<0.05)。雄性的平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比均显著高于雌性(P<0.05)。2)20%CP水平组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著低于18%和22%CP水平组(P<0.05),18%和19%CP水平组血清尿素氮(UN)含量显著低于21%CP水平组(P<0.05)。雄性的血清AST活性和UN含量显著高于雌性(P<0.05)。3)20%和21%CP水平组法氏囊指数显著高于18%CP水平组(P<0.05),20%CP水平组胸腺指数显著高于18%、21%和22%CP水平组(P<0.05)。雄性的法氏囊指数和胸腺指数显著高于雌性(P<0.05)。4)20%CP水平组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著高于18%、19%和22%CP水平组(P<0.05),21%CP水平组血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于其余CP水平组(P<0.05)。雄性的血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和IgG含量显著高于雌性(P<0.05)。5)对于雄性,20%CP水平组回肠厚壁菌门和乳杆菌属相对丰度显著高于18%和22%CP水平组(P<0.05)。对于雌性,20%CP水平组回肠拟杆菌门和乳杆菌属相对丰度显著高于18%和22%CP水平组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮适宜CP水平能够改善琅琊鸡生长性能,增强机体免疫功能,改善肠道微生物区系。本试验条件下,1~42日龄雄性和雌性琅琊鸡饲粮粗蛋白质水平以19%~21%为宜。
The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein(CP)level on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes,immune function and gut microbiota of Langya chickens.A total of 1800 one-day-old Langya chickens(half males and half females)were randomly divided into 10 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 chickens per replicate according to a 2(sex)×5(dietary CP level)two-factor experimental design.The dietary CP levels were 18%,19%,20%,21%and 22%,respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily gain of 20%CP level group was significantly higher than that of other CP level groups(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly lower than that of other CP level groups(P<0.05).The average daily feed intake,average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of males were significantly higher than those of females(P<0.05).2)The activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)in serum of 20%CP level group were significantly lower than those of 18%and 22%CP level groups(P<0.05),and the serum urea nitrogen(UN)content of 18%and 19%CP level groups was significantly lower than that of 21%CP level group(P<0.05).The serum AST activity and UN content of males were significantly higher than those of females(P<0.05).3)The bursa of Fabricius index of 20%and 21%CP level groups was significantly higher than that of 18%CP level group(P<0.05),and the thymus index of 20%CP level group was significantly higher than that of 18%,21%and 22%CP level groups(P<0.05).The bursa of Fabricius index and thymus index of males were significantly higher than those of females(P<0.05).4)The serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)content of 20%CP level group was significantly higher than that of 18%,19%and 22%CP level groups(P<0.05),and the serum immunoglobulin M(IgM)content of 21%CP level group was significantly higher than that of other CP level groups(P<0.05).The contents of immunoglobulin A(IgA)and IgG in serum of males were significantly higher than those of females(P<0.05).5)For males,the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus in ileum of 20%CP level group were significantly higher than those of 18%and 22%CP level groups(P<0.05).For females,the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Lactobacillus in ileum of 20%CP level group were significantly higher than those of 18%and 22%CP level groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,the dietary appropriate CP level can improve the growth performance of Langya chickens,enhance the body immune function,and improve the gut microbiota.Under the conditions of this experiment,the dietary appropriate CP levels for male and female Langya chickens during 1 to 42 days of age are 19%to 21%.
作者
张柏林
李雪静
史雪萍
龚相维
王述柏
ZHANG Bolin;LI Xuejing;SHI Xueping;GONG Xiangwei;WANG Shubai(College of Animal Science and Technology,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Shandong Qingdao Qinzhibao Langya Chicken Breeding Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266500,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第11期7442-7454,共13页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
山东省家禽产业技术体系(SDAIT-11-14)
青岛市科技惠民示范专项项目(23-2-8-xdny-16-nsh)
山东省技术创新引导计划(中央引导地方科技发展资金)(YDZX2023097)。
关键词
琅琊鸡
粗蛋白质水平
生长性能
免疫
微生物
Langya chickens
crude protein level
growth performance
immune
microbiota
