摘要
综述了麻纤维的物理、生物、化学及联合脱胶工艺,以及其在阻燃、吸声、完全可生物降解和高强轻质等复合材料领域的研究进展。麻纤维脱胶工艺目前仍面临效率、环保与成本等多重挑战,未来研究应聚焦于氧化脱胶与联合脱胶工艺的改进,包括发展光芬顿与类芬顿体系以减少铁泥污染、深化低共熔溶剂预处理路径、推动试剂回收与循环利用,从而实现绿色高效的脱胶过程。在麻纤维复合材料方面,界面相容性差仍是制约其发展的核心瓶颈,未来应着力于开发新型偶联剂与相容剂以增强界面结合强度;通过物理或化学方法对麻纤维表面进行改性,提升两相界面相互作用;借助功能化添加剂或特殊处理工艺,赋予麻纤维复合材料阻燃、抗菌、电磁屏蔽等特性,以满足多样化应用场景的需求。
The research progress in the physical,biological,chemical,and combined degumming processes of bast fibers,as well as recent advances in their applications in composite materials with flame-retardant,sound-absorbing,fully biodegradable,and high-strength lightweight properties,were summarized.The current degumming technologies for bast fibers still face multiple challenges in terms of efficiency,environmental impact,and cost;and the future research should focus on improving oxidative and combined degumming processes,including developing photo-Fenton and Fenton-like systems to reduce ferric sludge pollution,deepening the pretreatment routes using deep eutectic solvents,and promoting reagent recovery and recycling to achieve green and efficient degumming.In the field of bast fiber composites,poor interfacial compatibility remains the key bottleneck restricting their development.The future efforts should concentrate on developing new coupling agents and compatibilizers to enhance interfacial bonding,modifying bast fiber surfaces through physical or chemical methods to strengthen two-phase interfacial interactions,and employing functional additives or special treatment processes to endow bast fiber composites with flame-retardant,antibacterial,and electromagnetic shielding properties to meet diverse application requirements.
作者
张雪丰
于春雨
张凤鸣
韦真杰
梅宇龙
闯宇
栾川
ZHANG Xuefeng;YU Chunyu;ZHANG Fengming;WEI Zhenjie;MEI Yulong;CHUANG Yu;LUAN Chuan(Zhejiang Samier New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jiaxing 314000;Zhejiang Saibenda New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jiaxing 314000)
出处
《合成纤维工业》
2025年第6期67-72,共6页
China Synthetic Fiber Industry
关键词
麻纤维
脱胶工艺
复合材料
研究进展
bast fiber
degumming process
composite materials
research progress
