摘要
随着城市热岛效应的加剧,滨海住区公共空间的热环境问题日益突出,显著影响居民的室外行为活动与空间使用。以青岛典型滨海住区室外公共空间为例,采用通用热气候指数(Universal Thermal Climate Index,UTCI)评价四类公共空间的热舒适水平,结合现场实测与问卷调查,分析夏季公共空间的热舒适特征及其对居民行为活动的影响。研究发现:UTCI值处于32℃~43℃的高热应力区间,超出热舒适范围(9℃~26℃),主观热感与实测结果一致性较高;空气温度是影响UTCI最显著的因素,其次是平均辐射温度和相对湿度,风速相关性较弱;不同活动类型与UTCI呈二次抛物线关系,表现出差异化的热适应性。研究揭示了滨海住区公共空间热环境与居民行为活动的内在关联,为提升空间活力提供理论支持。
The intensification of the urban heat island effect has resulted in an increased prevalence of thermal environment issues in public spaces of coastal settlements.These issues have a significant impact on residents’outdoor activity behavior and space utilization.Using the outdoor public spaces of a typical coastal settlement in Qingdao as a case study,this research employed the Universal Thermal Climate Index(UTCI)to assess the thermal comfort level of four distinct public spaces.The thermal comfort characteristics of public spaces in summer were analyzed in conjunction with on-site measurements and questionnaire surveys.The study also investigated the impact of these characteristics on residents’behavioural activities.The study found:The UTCI values fell within the high heat stress range of 32℃~43℃,thus exceeding the thermal comfort range(9℃~26℃).There was a high degree of consistency between subjective thermal sensation and measured results.The most influential factor affecting UTCI was identified as air temperature(R2=0.89),followed by mean radiant temperature(R2=0.79)and relative humidity(R2=0.74).Conversely,wind speed exhibited a negligible correlation(R2=0.02),indicating minimal regulatory influence under the prevailing environmental and architectural configuration parameters.Moreover,a categorization of residents’activities was conducted,encompassing three distinct types:leisure,recreational,and physical.This categorization was informed by behavioural intensity and social characteristics.The relationship between activity participation rates and UTCI values was found to follow a quadratic parabolic trend,indicating clear thermal adaptation differences across activity types.It was observed that leisure activities,such as sitting and conversing,demonstrated the highest level of tolerance to heat,with optimal UTCI ranging from 37℃to 40℃.A preferred range of 34℃~38℃was demonstrated for recreational activities.It was demonstrated that physical activities were most sensitive to heat stress,with an optimal UTCI range of 34℃~36℃.Spatial differences were also noted.Plaza spces(4#)demonstrated the highest utilization across all activity types,despite exhibiting higher thermal stress.This finding suggests that these spaces play a vital social and functional role.It was demonstrated that sports areas(5#)exhibited superior thermal adaptation during the late afternoon and evening hours.It was observed that spaces between buildings(2#and 3#)and road spaces(1#)were less frequented due to poorer thermal environments and limited adaptive design.Research findings have indicated a correlation between the thermal environment of public spaces in coastal residential areas and residents’behavioral activities.This provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing spatial vitality.However,the thermal environment characteristics of coastal residential areas exhibit pronounced seasonal variations,with winter’s low temperatures and strong winds potentially exerting distinct influences on residents’behavior.It is recommended that future research seek to further investigate the combined effects of seasonal variations in thermal environment parameters and residents’responses across different activity types(leisurely,recreational and athletic).This would provide a theoretical foundation for designing year-round public space revitalization strategies.
作者
房辉
张瑞
代朋
FANG Hui;ZHANG Rui;DAI Peng
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
北大核心
2025年第6期38-43,共6页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51408344)
青岛市哲学社会科学规划研究项目(QDSKL2401104)。
关键词
滨海住区
公共空间
热环境
行为活动
热舒适
coastal settlement
public space
thermal environment
behavioral activities
thermal comfort
