摘要
当前,法学界对一人公司中“一人”的理解产生分歧,形成了规范解释与实质认定两种对立观点:前者严格遵循法律文本,将夫妻公司当然认定为普通公司;后者基于利益均衡考量,将夫妻公司认定为一人公司。不同观点的背后,代表着夫妻公司是否具有独立人格存在理论分歧,致使实践层面出现同案不同判现象,其根源在于以民事裁判思维处理商事纠纷的错位。研究认为:唯有确立商事思维在涉夫妻公司性质认定裁判中的主导地位,才能回归商事裁判的基本逻辑,有效化解当前司法实践中的裁判分歧与矛盾。一方面,要坚持商事主体的独立性原则,尊重公司独立人格;另一方面,应贯彻商事外观主义,维护交易安全与效率。同时,结合法人人格否认制度的谦抑性要求,夫妻公司应认定为普通公司,其法人人格否认问题需严格适用《公司法》第23条第1款和第2款的一般规定,而非第3款的特殊规则。
At present,there is a divergence in the legal community regarding the understanding of“one person”in a one-person company,resulting in two opposing viewpoints:the normative interpretation and the substantive determination.The former strictly adheres to the legal text and naturally recognizes a couple company as an ordinary company.The latter,considering the balance of interests,recognizes a couple company as a oneperson company.Behind the different viewpoints lies a theoretical divergence on whether the couple company has an independent personality,which leads to the phenomenon of different judgments in the same case at the practical level.The root cause lies in the misalignment of handling commercial disputes with a civil judgment mindset.The research holds that only by establishing the dominant position of commercial thinking in the judgments involving the nature determination of couple companies can the basic logic of commercial judgments be returned to,and the current judicial practice's differences and contradictions in judgments be effectively resolved.On the one hand,the principle of independence of the commercial subject should be adhered to,and the independent personality of the company should be respected.On the other hand,the principle of commercial appearance should be implemented to safeguard transaction security and efficiency.At the same time,in light of the modest requirements of the system of denying legal personality,the couple company should be recognized as an ordinary company.The issue of denying legal personality in such a company must strictly apply the general provisions of Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of Article 23 of the Company Law,rather than the special rules of Paragraph 3.
作者
李勇军
郭丽杰
LI Yongjun;GUO Lijie(Law School,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou,Zhejiang 325035,China)
出处
《安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第6期40-47,共8页
Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Social Science)
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(22FFXB036)
温州大学硕士研究生创新基金项目(316202400416)。
关键词
夫妻公司
一人公司
实质一人公司
法人人格否认
民事思维
商事思维
couple company
one-person company
substantial one-person company
denial of corporate personality
civil thinking
commercial thinking
