摘要
目的调查云南省祥云县鼠传疾病主要宿主动物及其体表媒介蚤类的物种组成、空间分布与多样性特征,为当地鼠传疾病的风险评估、精准监测与科学防控提供基础数据和理论依据。方法2018年9月和2021年9月,分别在祥云县8个乡镇,按海拔梯度(1700~2700 m)在林地和耕地2种典型生境中,采用夹夜法捕获宿主动物并采集其体表寄生蚤,于实验室进行宿主动物解剖与样本采集。运用群落生态学指标分析宿主动物及其体表寄生蚤的群落结构与多样性特征。结果共捕获小型兽类522只,隶属于4目6科13属24种,总捕获率为13.05%,优势种为高山姬鼠、大绒鼠和锡金小鼠;检出寄生蚤宿主40只,采集蚤类74匹,隶属于4科10属10种,总染蚤率7.66%,蚤指数0.14,优势蚤种为方叶栉眼蚤、缓慢细蚤、无值大锥蚤和特新蚤指名亚种。与耕地相比,林地生境异质性更高,维持较高小型兽类及其寄生蚤的物种多样性(P<0.05)。不同海拔梯度,小型兽类捕获量及丰富度随海拔升高呈显著单峰分布格局,峰值出现在第Ⅱ海拔带(2000~2300 m),而寄生蚤检出量与丰富度则呈现相反趋势;小型兽类及寄生蚤的多样性和均匀度指数随海拔变化趋势一致,均在第Ⅲ海拔带(2300~2700 m)达到最高值。结论祥云县作为家野2型鼠疫疫源地,同时存在肾综合征出血热、钩端螺旋体病、恙虫病等多种鼠传疾病的宿主和媒介,且宿主动物及媒介蚤密度高、种类多样、群落结构稳定,具有疾病暴发与流行的生态条件。建议加强宿主-媒介-病原体的系统监测,结合气候与农牧数据,动态评估流行风险,实施精准防控。
Objective To investigate the species composition,spatial distribution patterns,and diversity of major host animals and their ectoparasitic fleas(vectors of rodent-borne diseases)in Xiangyun County,Yunnan Province,thereby providing foundational data and theoretical support for risk assessment,targeted monitoring,and scientific prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases in the region.Methods In September 2018 and September 2021,field surveys were conducted across eight townships of Xiangyun County,along an elevation gradient(1700-2700 m),in two typical habitats:forest and farmland.Host animals were captured using trap-night methods,and ectoparasitic fleas were collected from their bodies.In the laboratory,host animals were dissected,and samples were collected,and community ecology metrics were applied to analyze the community structure and diversity of host animals and their ectoparasitic fleas.Results A total of 522 small mammals were captured,belonging to 24 species,13 genera,6 families,and 4 orders,with an overall trapping rate of 13.05%.The dominant species were Apodemus chevrieri,Eothenomys miletus,and Mus pahari.Fleas were collected from 40 infested hosts,yielding 74 fleas belonging to 10 species,10 genera,and 4 families,with an overall flea infestation rate of 7.66%and a flea index of 0.14.The dominant flea species were Ctenophthalmus quadratus,Leptopsylla segnis,Macrostylophora euteles,and Neopsylla specialis ssp.specialis.Compared to farmland,forest habitats exhibited greater heterogeneity and supported significantly higher species diversity of small mammals and their parasitic fleas(P<0.05).Along the elevational gradient,small mammal capture rates and species richness displayed a significant unimodal distribution,peaking in the midelevation zoneⅡ(2000-2300 m),whereas flea infestation abundance and richness showed an opposite trend.Both the diversity and evenness indices of small mammals and fleas followed consistent elevational patterns,reaching their highest values in the highest elevation zoneⅢ(2300-2700 m).Conclusion As a natural focus for both sylvatic and domestic plague,Xiangyun County also harbors hosts and vectors for multiple rodent-borne diseases,including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS),leptospirosis,and scrub typhus.The area features high densities of host animals and vector fleas,diverse species,and stable community structures,creating ecological conditions conducive to disease outbreaks and epidemics.It is recommended to strengthen the systematic surveillance of the host-vector-pathogen chain.Furthermore,a dynamic assessment of epidemic risk should be conducted by integrating climate,agricultural,and pastoral data to implement precise prevention and control measures.
作者
李玉琼
段春丽
陈艳
刘正祥
段兴德
王剑
浦恩念
曹荣季
高子厚
尹家祥
徐道升
武丽
邵宗体
LI Yuqiong;DUAN Chunli;CHEN Yan;LIU Zhengxiang;DUAN Xingde;WANG Jian;PU Ennian;CAO Rongji;GAO Zihou;YIN Jiaxiang;XU Daosheng;WU Li;SHAO Zongti(Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention/Yunnan Provincial Plague Prevention and Control Research Center/Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Epidemic Disease Prevention and Control Technology,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Xiangyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xiangyun,Yunnan 672100,China;School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)
出处
《中国热带医学》
北大核心
2025年第11期1390-1397,共8页
China Tropical Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.U2202216,No.32360248)
云南省高校自然疫源性疾病流行病学科技创新团队(云教发[2020]102号)。
关键词
鼠传疾病
宿主动物
寄生蚤
群落结构
物种多样性
祥云县
Rodent-borne diseases
host animals
parasitic fleas
community structure
species diversity
Xiangyun County
