摘要
为从根本上降低小型土石坝漫溃失事率,以实际坝高15 m的小型土石坝工程为例建立缩尺模型,采用草皮、胶结土以及干砌石等修筑下游护坡,分析了不同抗冲刷性能护坡材料对土石坝漫顶溃决进程的影响,研究了溃口形态演化规律,并结合溃口断面流速、流量变化过程,深入探究了不同抗冲刷性能材料下游护坡抗冲刷破坏成效。试验结果表明:入库流量稳定条件下,应用胶结土与干砌石等抗冲刷性能较强的材料修筑下游护坡可显著削弱漫坝水流的侵蚀作用,有效延长漫顶溃决历时2~3倍,溃口最大流速降低约3%,断面最大流量下降10%~12%;采用草皮护坡进行防护可稍许延缓漫坝水流侵蚀破坏,但延缓效果相对不明显,只延缓近1倍历时。
In order to fundamentally reduce the overtopping and failure rate of small earth-rockfill dams,a scaled-down model was established based on a small earth-rockfill dam project with an actual height of 15 m.The downstream slope protection was constructed using turf,cemented soil,and dry-laid stone masonry.The influence of different scour-resistant slope protection materials on the overtopping and failure process of the earth-rockfill dam was analyzed.The evolution law of breach shapes was studied,and in combination with the flow velocity and flow rate changes at the breach section,the effectiveness of different scour-resistant materialbased downstream slope protection in resisting erosion damage was deeply explored.The experimental results show that under stable inflow conditions,the use of materials with high scour resistance,such as cemented soil and dry-laid stone masonry,in downstream slope protection significantly reduces the erosive force of overtopping water.This substantially extends the duration of overtopping and failure by 2-3 times.The maximum flow velocity at the breach is reduced by approximately 3%,while the maximum cross-sectional discharge decreases by a range of 10%-12%.In contrast,turf-based slope protection offers only modest delay in erosion damage,extending the breach duration by approximately one fold.
作者
赵昱
张继勋
任旭华
邓成发
张玉贤
王虞清
ZHAO Yu;ZHANG Jixun;REN Xuhua;DENG Chengfa;ZHANG Yuxian;WANG Yuqing(College of Water Conservancy&Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics&Estuary,Hangzhou 310020,China)
出处
《河海大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第6期101-109,共9页
Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences)
基金
浙江省水利厅科技计划项目(RB2214,RB2401)
浙江省水利河口研究院院长基金项目(ZIHE21Y003)。
关键词
小型均质土坝
漫顶溃决
护坡材料
抗冲刷性能
模型试验
small homogeneous earth-rockfill dam
overtopping and failure
slope protection material
scour resistance
model test
