摘要
河蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)“牛奶病”是由二尖梅奇酵母(Metschnikowia bicuspidata)引起的一种严重真菌性疾病,对中国河蟹养殖业构成重大威胁。文章旨在系统探讨其流行规律与病理特征,并提出综合防治策略。通过综述现有研究并结合实践,分析了该病的季节性流行特点、主要感染途径及临床症状。重点研究了基于病原分离、PCR技术及人工感染试验的精准诊断方法,以及患病河蟹步足肌、鳃和肝胰腺的典型病理变化。提出以“预防为主,治疗为辅”的综防策略:通过优化池塘生态、科学管理水草与投喂、筛选优质苗种构建健康养殖模式;合理使用中草药与抗生素进行治疗;并通过添加β-葡聚糖、维生素、益生菌等免疫增强剂提升河蟹自身抗病力。综上所述,构建以生态防控为基础,结合精准诊断、科学用药和免疫增强的综防体系,是有效控制河蟹“牛奶病”蔓延、保障河蟹养殖业可持续发展的关键。
“Milky disease”in the Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis),caused by the yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidata,is a severe fungal disease that poses a significant threat to the crab aquaculture industry in China.This paper aims to systematically investigate its epidemiology and pathological features,and propose integrated prevention and control strategies.By reviewing existing research and practical experience,we analyze the disease’s seasonal prevalence,main routes of infection,and clinical symptoms.The study focuses on precise diagnostic methods based on pathogen isolation,PCR techniques,and challenge tests,as well as the characteristic pathological changes in the leg muscle,gills,and hepatopancreas of infected crabs.An integrated strategy of"prevention first,supplemented by treatment"is proposed.This involves establishing a healthy aquaculture model through pond ecosystem optimization,scientific management of aquatic plants and feeding,and selection of high-quality seedlings;the rational use of traditional Chinese herbal compounds and antibiotics for treatment;and enhancing the crab’s innate disease resistance through dietary immunostimulants such asβ-glucan,vitamins,and probiotics.Practical application demonstrates that implementing these diversified measures can effectively control the occurrence and spread of the disease,ensuring the healthy development of the crab aquaculture industry.
作者
黄萍萍
HUANG Pingping(Liaoning Provincial Agricultural and Rural Development Service Center,Shenyang 110031,Liaoning China)
出处
《黑龙江水产》
2025年第6期755-758,共4页
Northern Chinese Fisheries
