摘要
狄考文的《官話類編》字表記録了19世紀的重慶音系,含23個聲母與36個韻母,表現出以下音系特徵:(1)f、x完全對立;(2)翹舌音按條件分化,擦音最早平舌化;(3)中古來母1與泥娘母n無論洪細音均對立;(4)存在特殊的入聲韻oo。從該書的説明可以看出,重慶話中前三條對立特徵已合併,這表明該書實際上同時記録了兩套音系。結合其他傳教士材料可認爲,清末重慶話存在雅俗變體。
The character table of Calvin Wilson Mateer's A Course of Mandarin Lessons Based on Idiom(《官类编》)records the Chongqing phonetic system at that time,consisting of 23 initial consonants and 36 vowels,with the following phonetic characteristics:Of and x are completely opposite;①Protruding tongue sounds are differentiated according to conditions,and fricatives are the earliest to flatten the tongue;②In ancient times,the mother L and the mother N of the mud mother were in opposition,regardless of Hong Xi;③There is a special entering tone rhyme.The additional explanation from Di Kaowen indicates that the first three oppositions he heard in Chongqing dialect are merged,so in fact,the book records two sets of phonetic systems.Based on other missionary materials,it can be concluded that there were variants of refined and popular Chongqing dialect in the late Qing Dynasty.
出处
《汉语史研究集刊》
2025年第1期44-60,共17页
Studies on the History of Chinese Language
关键词
狄考文
《官話類編》
西南官話
重慶方言
傳教士文獻
Dikaowen
A Course of Mandarin Lessons Based on Idiom(《官話類編》)
Southwest Mandarin
Chongqing dialect
Missionary literature
