摘要
为掌握火灾环境下高压储氢气瓶爆炸能量产生、转化及耗散机制对气瓶爆炸的影响,以充装氢气和氮气的6.8L-30MPaⅢ型高压气瓶爆炸引发试验为基础,开展了气瓶极限承压判据、爆炸动力学行为及威力评估研究。结果表明:火灾可显著降低气瓶承压能力,气瓶的临界爆破压力由常温时的125.1MPa降至火灾时的46.8MPa,承压能力下降约62.6%。储氢气瓶爆炸呈现典型的物理-化学复合特征,产生了直径约9m的火球,冲击波峰值压力在距离爆源2 m处达882.47 kPa,正压持续时间为168.11 ms;相同位置处的氮气瓶爆炸冲击波峰值为59.42 kPa,正压持续时间为2.17ms,爆炸威力远小于氢气瓶。探讨了开敞环境下氢气瓶与氮气瓶爆炸能量的转化路径,建立了开敞环境下储氢气瓶爆炸威力评估方法,研究结果可为完善高压储氢气瓶爆炸事故风险评估提供参考。
Understanding the generation,transformation,and dissipation mechanisms of energy in high-pressure tanks during fire scenarios is of critical significance for the consequence assessment of explosion accidents.This study investigates the differences in properties between high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks and nitrogen tanks under fire conditions through comparative experiments.Fire tests were conducted using 6.8L-30MPa type Ⅲ tanks.The results indicate that fire exposure can significantly impair the pressure-bearing capacity of the tanks.Specifically,the critical bursting pressure decreased from 125.1 MPa at room temperature to 46.8 MPa under fire conditions,representing a reduction of 62.6%.The explosion dynamics of hydrogen tanks were characterized by typical physical-chemical composite features.A fireball with a diameter of 9 m was formed during the explosion.The peak shockwave pressure measured at a distance of 2 m reached 882.47 kPa,with a positive pressure duration of 168.11 ms.In contrast,nitrogen tanks experienced only physical explosions,with a peak shockwave pressure of 59.42 kPa and a positive pressure duration of merely 2.17 ms.This study analyzed the energy conversion pathways during explosions of high-compressed gas tanks(H2 and N2)in open environments.A novel method for assessing the blast power of hydrogen storage cylinder explosions in unconfined spaces was developed.Initially,the physical explosion energy was calculated based on fundamental parameters such as critical burst pressure,nominal volume,and initial filling pressure of the high-pressure tanks.The applicability of five mechanical energy calculation models was compared.Subsequently,the mass of hydrogen was determined using the actual gas equation,and the total chemical explosion energy was derived by integrating the heat of combustion of hydrogen.Finally,considering the contributions of mechanical and chemical energy to the shock wave intensity,the total explosion energy was converted into shock wave energy using an open space energy correction factor.Quantitative analysis and error verification were conducted in conjunction with measured data.The findings of this research provide essential support for enhancing risk assessment of explosion accidents involving high-pressure hydrogen storage devices.
作者
李贝
于浩申
韩冰
戴行涛
李广印
刘岩
LI Bei;YU Haoshen;HAN Bing;DAI Xingtao;LI Guangyin;LIU Yan(Key Laboratory of Gas Cylinders Safety Technology,State Administration for Market Regulation,Dalian 116012,Liaoning,China;Dalian Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspection&Detection Institute Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116012,Liaoning,China;School of Chemical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China;Gansu Province Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Institute,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China)
出处
《爆炸与冲击》
北大核心
2025年第11期60-72,共13页
Explosion and Shock Waves
基金
国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(气瓶安全技术)开放课题(2023K01)
国家市场监管总局科技计划项目(2024MK131)。
关键词
爆炸
储氢气瓶
Ⅲ型瓶
风险评估
explosion
hydrogen storage tank
type Ⅲ tank
hazards assessment
