摘要
弗雷格是现代逻辑的创始人。他建立了第一个一阶谓词演算系统。他称自己的逻辑为“概念文字”。在他关于自己思想的说明中,他使用了诸如“概念”“对象”“思想”“真值”“涵义”和“意谓”等用语。它们都是日常用语,但是围绕它们的讨论却不是常识性的,而是基于概念文字的认识,因而与逻辑密切联系,比如“真值”的核心是“真”,它与句子相对应,是从“可判断的内容”区别出来的,“概念”和“对象”分别与谓词和专名相对应,其区别泾渭分明,不仅如此,它们是句子构成部分的意谓,与句子的意谓相联系。弗雷格的思想历程富于启示:他从谈论“概念文字”到谈论“逻辑”,最终明确地称自己的研究为“一种逻辑研究”。弗雷格的研究显示出分析哲学口号的实质:“对语言进行逻辑分析”,分析哲学的发展也印证并体现了弗雷格所说:“‘真’这个词为逻辑指引方向”。
Friedrich Frege is the father of modern logic.He sets up the first predicate logical system,which he calls"Begrffsschrift".In interpreting,his ideas,he uses terms such as"concept","object","thought","truth-value","sense"and"meaning".All these are daily terms,but the discussion about them is not in common sense,instead it is based on his Begriffsschrift,therefore linking with his logic.For instance,the core word in the term"truth-value"is"truth",corresponding to sentence,while"concept"and"object"that are connected with truth correspond separately to predicate and proper name.So there is a clear difference in Frege's terms between syntax and semantics,that is the difference between the sentence,predicate,and proper name on the one hand,and the truth,concept,and proper name on the other.And all these are in connection with his"Begriffsschrift".Through the development of his thought and with all these terms Frege shows and demonstrates also the nature of the slogan of analytical philosophy,that is,the fundamental task of philosophy is to give a logical analysis of the language,and in his words,the word"true"indicates the aim of logic.
出处
《世界哲学》
北大核心
2025年第6期104-121,206,共19页
World Philosophy
