摘要
系统识别农村人居环境质量的时空跃迁、演进规律和影响因素,对于新时期均衡推进农村人居环境改善意义重大。基于“一主体三支撑”的理论框架,该研究选取居住生活、生态卫生、基础设施和公共服务4个子系统构建了包含20个指标的农村人居环境质量测算体系。遵循宏观测度—机制揭示的研究思路,综合运用熵权法、Dagum基尼系数、Markov链模型、分位数回归模型和障碍度模型等方法,定量揭示中国农村人居环境质量时空跃迁特征、区域差异与演进趋势,明确发展的外源影响因素与内源障碍因素。研究表明:①中国农村人居环境质量稳步提高,空间分布呈现“东部高西部低”的格局。4个子系统质量呈现“基础设施>生态卫生>居住生活>公共服务”的特征。②农村人居环境质量存在显著的区域差异,这种差异主要来自区域间的差异。③农村人居环境质量呈现稳步提升的趋势,但可能会陷入“高—高聚集”和“低—低聚集”的发展陷阱。④经济发展水平、支持政策、村庄建设投入、居民收入水平和人口老龄化水平是农村人居环境质量提升的外源影响因素,但其影响具有异质性。生活污水处理、养老机构建设、村庄绿化是农村人居环境质量提升的主要内源障碍因素,东部、中部、西部和东北4个区域的障碍因素有所不同。总体上,中国农村人居环境质量不断提升,但是存在显著的空间差异和愈加明显的俱乐部收敛趋势,严重影响人居环境质量均衡提升进程。据此,该研究从建立省域帮扶和合作机制、分类布局农村人居环境改善重点方向、因地制宜确定人居环境质量提升方案3个方面提出针对性措施。
Systematically assessing the spatiotemporal transitions,evolutionary patterns,and influencing factors of rural human settlement quality is of great significance for promoting balanced improvements in rural human settlements in the new era.Based on the theoretical framework of“one main body and three supports,”this study constructed a rural human settlement measurement system comprising 20 indicators across four subsystems:living conditions,ecological sanitation,infrastructure,and public services.Following a research approach of macro-level measurement and mechanism analysis,this study utilized the entropy weight method,Dagum Gini coefficient,Markov chain model,quantile regression model,and obstacle model to quantitatively assess the spatiotemporal transition characteristics,regional differences,and evolutionary trends of China's rural human settlement quality.Additionally,it identified the exogenous influencing factors and endogenous obstacles affecting rural human settlement development.The findings indicated that:①Rural human settlement quality in China steadily improved,exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern of“higher quality in the east and lower in the west.”The quality of the four subsystems showed the following order:infrastructure>environmental sanitation>living conditions>public services.②Significant regional disparities in rural human settlement quality persisted,mainly stemming from inter-regional differences.③While rural human settlement quality was expected to continue its steady improvement,it might fall into a development trap characterized by“high-high”and“low-low”aggregation patterns.④Economic development level,supportive policies,village construction investment,residents'income levels,and population aging were exogenous factors influencing the improvement of rural human settlement quality,with heterogeneous effects at different quality levels.Domestic sewage treatment,construction of elderly care facilities,and village green coverage were the primary endogenous obstacles to improving rural human settlement quality in China,and the specific obstacle factors varied in the four regions of eastern,central,western,and northeastern China.In conclusion,while China's rural human settlement quality continued to improve,notable spatial disparities and an emerging trend of“club convergence”threatened the process of balanced development.To address these challenges,the study recommends targeted measures in three key areas:establishing provincial-level support and cooperation mechanisms,classifying priority improvement directions,and identifying localized rural human settlement improvement programs.
作者
曹子建
赵霞
吴永常
CAO Zijian;ZHAO Xia;WU Yongchang(College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
北大核心
2025年第7期144-155,共12页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“农村生活垃圾处理付费制度研究:理论机理、效果评估与方案设计”(批准号:72373144)
中国农业科学院科技创新工程“乡村规划理论与方法”(批准号:10-IAED-07-2024)。
关键词
农村人居环境
时空跃迁
区域差异
演进趋势
影响因素
rural human settlement
spatiotemporal transition
regional disparity
evolutionary trend
influencing factor
