摘要
美国小学数学教育以其独特的实践模式展现出鲜明的育人特色,其背后蕴含着深厚的应用心理学逻辑。本文从应用心理学视角出发,系统解析美国小学数学教育理念、STEM方法在课堂中的应用、评估与反馈机制及未来发展方向,揭示其关注个体差异、培养数学思维、鼓励主动探索等理念如何契合个体差异理论、最近发展区理论及自我决定理论;剖析STEM模式下项目式学习、跨学科融合、游戏化教学等实践路径与多元智能理论、社会学习理论、心流理论的内在关联;探讨评估机制变革中形成性评价、个性化标准及家校社协同等做法对学生学习动机与自我效能感的影响。通过梳理其理念与实践的心理学基础,为理解小学数学教育的规律提供新视角,也为优化数学教学实践、促进学生全面发展提供参考。
Primary school mathematics education in the United States exhibits distinct educational characteristics through its unique practical models,with profound applied psychology logic underlying these practices.From the perspective of applied psychology,this paper systematically analyzes the educational concepts of primary school mathematics education in the US,the application of STEM methods in classrooms,the assessment and feedback mechanisms,and future development directions.It reveals how concepts such as focusing on individual differences,cultivating mathematical thinking,and encouraging active exploration align with theories including the Individual Difference Theory,the Zone of Proximal Development Theory,and the Self-Determination Theory.The paper also examines the intrinsic connections between practical approaches under the STEM model—such as project-based learning,interdisciplinary integration,and gamified teaching—and theories like the Multiple Intelligences Theory,the Social Learning Theory,and the Flow Theory.Additionally,it explores how practices in the reform of assessment mechanisms,such as formative assessment,personalized standards,and collaboration among families,schools,and communities,influence students'learning motivation and self-efficacy.By sorting out the psychological foundations of these concepts and practices,this paper provides a new perspective for understanding the laws of primary school mathematics education and offers references for optimizing mathematics teaching practices and promoting students'all-round development.
作者
丁文锐
DING Wenrui(Nantong University,Nantong 226001,China)
关键词
美国小学数学
应用心理学
STEM
教育理念
primary school mathematics in the US
applied psychology
STEM
educational concepts
