摘要
本试验旨在探究两种青贮饲料桑替代豆粕比例对湘东黑山羊血液生化指标、抗氧化指标、瘤胃发酵指标以及瘤胃细菌区系的影响。试验选取45只5~6月龄健康、体重相近[(18.2±1.6)kg]的湘东黑山羊公羊,随机分为3组,分别为对照组(CK组)、50%替代组(S_(1)组)和100%替代组(S_(2)组),预试期7 d,正试期55 d,每日晨饲前称取昨日剩料,每两周进行一次称重,在正试期54 d晨饲前对每头羊进行颈静脉采血,正试期54 d晨饲3 h后和55 d晨饲前采集口腔瘤胃液,用于测定血液指标、瘤胃发酵指标和瘤胃微生物组成。结果显示:S_(1)和S_(2)组的终末重(FBW)、平均日增重(ADG)和干物质采食量(DMI)均显著高于CK组(P<0.05);S_(2)组的血清低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)显著低于CK和S_(1)组(P<0.05),血清白蛋白(ALB)和胆碱酯酶(CHE)显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。另外S_(1)和S_(2)组的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著高于CK组(P<0.05),但S_(2)组的血清丙二醛(MDA)也显著高于CK组(P<0.05)。随着青贮饲料桑替代比例的增加,乙酸和异戊酸的摩尔比显著降低(P<0.05),丙酸和戊酸摩尔比随替代比例增加而上升。使用青贮饲料桑替代豆粕不会显著影响瘤胃微生物的Alpha多样性(P>0.05),3组优势菌门均为拟杆菌门和芽孢杆菌门,随青贮饲料桑替代比例的增加,芽孢杆菌门的丰度显著上升(P<0.05),拟杆菌门的丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。3组的优势菌属为Xylanibacter、丁酸弧菌、Segatella、解琥珀酸菌属、纤维杆菌属和Olivibacter。S_(2)组的丁酸弧菌显著高于CK和S_(1)组(P<0.05),Olivibacter显著低于CK和S_(1)组(P<0.05)。上述研究结果表明:使用青贮饲料桑替代豆粕可以改善动物机体的代谢,增强抗氧化能力,且不会影响瘤胃微生物的Alpha多样性,在反刍动物养殖中有很好的应用前景。
We investigated the effects on the blood biochemical indexes,antioxidant indexes,rumen fermentation indexes,and rumen bacteria of two different ratios of mulberry silage as a replacement for soybean meal in the diet of Xiangdong black goats.Forty-five healthy Xiangdong black goat rams aged 5-6 months with similar body weight(18.2±1.6 kg)were randomly divided into three groups:a control group(group CK),a 50%replacement group(group S_(1))and a 100%replacement group(group S_(2)).The pre-test period was 7 days,and the formal experimental period was 55 days.The remaining feed from the previous day was weighed every morning before feeding and the goats were weighed every 2 weeks.On the morning of the 54th day of the formal test period,blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of each goat.Rumen fluid was collected orally 3 hours after morning feeding on the 54th day and before morning feeding on the 55th day of the formal experimental period for the determination of blood indexes,rumen fermentation indexes,and rumen microbial composition.The results showed that the final body weight,average daily gain,and dry matter intake were significantly higher in the S_(1)and S_(2)groups than in the CK group(P<0.05).The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in group S_(2)than in the CK group and group S_(1)(P<0.05),and serum albumin and cholinesterase concentrations were significantly higher in group S_(2)than in the CK group(P<0.05).The total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in groups S_(1)and S_(2)than in the CK group(P<0.05),but the malondialdehyde content was significantly higher in group S_(2)than in the CK group(P<0.05).As the amount of mulberry protein in the diet increased,the molar ratio of acetic acid to isovaleric acid decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the molar ratio of propionic acid to valeric acid increased.The replacement of soybean meal in the diet with mulberry silage did not affect the alpha diversity of rumen microorganisms(P>0.05).The dominant taxa in the three groups were Bacteroidota and Bacillota.With increasing amounts of mulberry silage in the diet,the abundance of Bacillota increased significantly(P<0.05),and the abundance of Bacteroidota decreased significantly(P<0.05).The dominant bacteria in the three groups were Xylanibacter,Butyrivibrio,Segatella,Succiniclasticum,Fibrobacter,and Olivibacter.The abundance of Butyrivibrio was significantly higher in group S_(2)than in the CK group and group S_(1)(P<0.05),and that of Olivibacter was significantly lower in group S_(2)than in the CK group and group S_(1)(P<0.05).These results show that replacing soybean meal with mulberry silage in the diet of goats improved their metabolism and increased their antioxidant capacity without affecting the alpha diversity of their rumen microorganisms.Therefore,this resource has promising applications in ruminant breeding.
作者
操鹏飞
汪水平
黄桥深
周世龙
罗专
任莹
刘勇
李铁军
汤少勋
CAO Peng-fei;WANG Shui-ping;HUANG Qiao-shen;ZHOU Shi-long;LUO Zhuan;REN Ying;LIU Yong;LI Tie-jun;TANG Shao-xun(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science,College of Animal Science and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 402460 China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha 410125,China;School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430048,China;Liuyang City Liuan Agricultural Science and Technology Comprehensive Development Co.,LTD,Changsha 410300,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100039,China)
出处
《草业学报》
北大核心
2025年第10期213-228,共16页
Acta Prataculturae Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1300905)
湖南省草食动物产业技术体系资助
关键词
青贮桑
豆粕蛋白
血液生化
瘤胃微生物
山羊
silage mulberry
soybean protein
blood biochemistry
rumen microorganism
goat
