摘要
《民法典》侵权责任编用五个条款构建起我国数人侵权责任制度,不同的多数人侵权情形对应不同的责任形态,却没有涵盖数人侵权全部可能情形,在解释适用时仍有需探讨之处。建构数人侵权责任完整体系可以从各条均涉及的连带责任形态入手,运用类型思维归纳特征,明确何种情况数个侵权人应当承担连带责任。从《民法典》体系出发,先从其他各编连带责任规则中提取特征,再基于侵权法作特殊化改造,可以得到加害人一体性与推定因果关系两条思路,其中的加害人一体性特征超出数人具有意思联络涵盖范围。为衔接实证法,需要对《民法典》第518条第2款作目的性限缩,缓和严格的连带债务发生明定主义,再借由第1168条解释进来。
The Tort Liability section of The Civil Code of the People's Republic of China constructs the multi-person tort liability system in China with five articles.Different multi-person tort situations correspond to different forms of liability,but it does not cover all possible situations of multi-person tort.There are still aspects that need to be explored when interpreting and applying it.To construct a complete system of liability for multiple infringers,one can start from the forms of joint liability involved in each item,apply type thinking to summarize the characteristics,and clarify under what circumstances multiple infringers should bear joint and several liability.Starting from the system of The Civil Code,first extracting the characteristics from the joint and several liability rules of other chapters,and then making special modifications based on the tort law,two ideas can be obtained:the oneness of the perpetrator and the presumption of causal relationship.Among them,the feature of the oneness of the perpetrator exceeds the coverage of the connection of intention among several people.To connect with the empirical law,it is necessary to purposefully narrow Article 518,paragraph 2 of The Civil Code,alleviate the strict the position of explicitness of the occurrence of joint debt,and then interpret it through Article 1168.
作者
章嫩寒
ZHANG Nenhan(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《保定学院学报》
2025年第5期21-31,共11页
Journal of Baoding University
关键词
数人侵权
共同侵权
连带责任
类型思维
multiple tortfeasors
joint tort
joint and several liability
typological thinking
