摘要
监护委托中受托人“相应的责任”的规范适用是侵权责任法领域的核心议题。此处受托人“相应的责任”应界定为侵权责任,在监护人与受托人间达成委托合意、受托人具有过错且该过错与损害结果存在因果关系时对受托人责任予以认定。责任形态上,应适用部分的连带责任规则,即仅在受托人过错程度及原因力范围内与监护人连带承担赔偿责任。针对学校等特殊主体,需区分其法律性质进行类型化认定。责任承担后,内部追偿规则应遵循“对外比例叠加法”,以过错与原因力为基准实现责任分摊的实质公平。在有偿委托的情况下,监护人承担的超出其内部份额的部分,有权向有过错的受托人进行追偿。而在无偿委托的情形下,仅存在一般过错的受托人可依据《民法典侵权责任编的解释(一)》第10条向作为委托人的监护人追偿。
The normative application of the“corresponding liability”of trustees in guardianship delegation constitutes a core issue in the field of tort law.This“corresponding liability”should be defined as tort liability,which is imposed on trustees when the following conditions are met:(1)a valid delegation agreement exists between the guardian and the trustee;(2)the trustee is at fault;and(3)such fault bears a causal relationship with the resulting harm.In terms of liability structure,the rule of partial joint and several liability should apply,whereby the trustee is jointly and severally liable with the guardian only within the scope of their degree of fault and causal contribution.For special entities like educational institutions,differentiated assessments based on their legal nature are necessary.Post-liability internal recourse rules should follow the“external proportional aggregation method”,allocating liability shares based on fault and causation to achieve substantive fairness.In compensated delegation,if a guardian s liability exceeds their internal share the guardian has the right to seek reimbursement from the at-fault trustee.For uncompensated delegation,trustees with ordinary negligence may claim recourse against the guardian under Article 10 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Tort Liability Book of the Civil Code(I).
作者
牛景萱
Niu Jingxuan(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)
出处
《中南财经政法大学研究生论丛》
2025年第3期59-67,共9页
Journal of the Postgraduates of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
关键词
监护委托
相应的责任
部分的连带责任
内部追偿
Guardianship Delegation
Corresponding Liability
Partial Joint and Several Liability
Internal Recourse
