摘要
规范学生实习管理是新时代国家完善实习制度的重大要求。美国社区学院为应对政府实施“制造业回归”发展战略中技能型人才缺失的困境,积极开展围绕工学结合的人才培养改革,推行实习课程化管理。美国社区学院实施实习课程化管理注重以实用主义为理论指导,在市场驱动下将实习目标精准指向实践需求,强化利益相关主体的深度合作与协同育人。美国七所社区学院的实习案例表明,其实习目标兼顾促进个人成长和社会发展,实习内容注重帮助学生建构自我认知与职业反思,实习实施体现多元主体的“责—权—利”深度融合,实习评价重视过程和结果双重取向,具有鲜明的课程化管理特色。在我国深化产教融合、大力提升职业教育质量的过程中,借鉴美国社区学院经验,完善职业教育实习管理,须建立健全职业院校学生实习管理的体制机制,注重实习的育人价值,激发实习实施主体的活力,完善实习评价的制度体系,持续提升我国职业教育实习质量。
Standardizing internship management for students is a key requirement in the new era as part of the national effort to improve the internship system.In response to the shortage of skilled workers under the government’s“manufacturing reshoring”development strategy,the U.S.community colleges have actively undertaken talent cultivation reforms centered on work-integrated learning and have promoted the curricular management of internships.The implementation of internship curricular management in the U.S.community colleges is guided by pragmatist theory and driven by market demands,with internship objectives precisely aligned with practical needs.It emphasizes deep collaboration among stakeholders to foster cooperative education.Case studies of internships at seven community colleges in the U.S.demonstrate that the goals of internships balance the promotion of individual development and social advancement.Internship content focuses on helping students build self-awareness and engage in career reflection.The implementation of internships reflects a deep integration of responsibilities,authority,and benefits among multiple stakeholders.Evaluation approaches adopt a dual orientation toward both process and outcomes,exhibiting clear characteristics of curricularized management.In China’s ongoing efforts to deepen industry-education integration and enhance the quality of vocational education,valuable lessons can be drawn from the experiences of the U.S.community colleges.Improving internship management in vocational education requires the establishment of robust systems and mechanisms,an emphasis on the educational value of internships,stimulation of the vitality of implementing entities,refinement of evaluation systems,and continuous improvement of the quality of vocational internships in China.
作者
祝成林
周雅倩
ZHU Chenglin;ZHOU Yaqian
出处
《大学教育科学》
北大核心
2025年第5期68-76,共9页
University Education Science
基金
国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“面向乡村振兴的职业教育实习研究”(BJA210100)。
关键词
实习管理
实习制度
课程化管理
实习评价
美国社区学院
internship management
internship system
curricular management
internship evaluation
the U.S.community colleges
