摘要
本试验旨在研究耐高温酸性蛋白酶(TAP)耐温性、豆粕抗原蛋白降解特性及其添加到低蛋白质玉米-豆粕型饲粮中对黄羽肉鸡生长性能和养分表观代谢率的影响。体外试验采用水浴法和制粒法测定TAP的耐温性,并分析不同添加量TAP[0(空白)、2、4、6和8 U/g]对豆粕原料中抗原蛋白的降解效果,同时通过仿生消化试验测定TAP对玉米-豆粕型饲粮蛋白质消化率的影响。体内试验选用健康1日龄快大型黄羽肉鸡公鸡480只,随机分为6组,每组8个重复,每个重复10只鸡。正常蛋白质组饲喂正常蛋白质水平玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,低蛋白质组饲喂低蛋白质水平玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验1组~试验4组分别在低蛋白质组饲粮基础上添加2、4、6和8 U/g TAP。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)TAP在80℃制粒条件下依旧保留较高活性(保留率为80.00%),耐温性较强。2)与豆粕原料和空白组相比,添加不同剂量TAP显著提高酸溶蛋白(ASP)含量(P<0.05),添加4~8 U/g TAP显著降低大豆球蛋白和β-伴大豆球蛋白含量(P<0.05)。3)仿生消化试验中,与空白组相比,添加4~8 U/g TAP显著提高干物质(DM)和粗蛋白质(CP)消化率(P<0.05)。4)1~21日龄,与正常蛋白质组相比,试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)显著提高(P<0.05);与低蛋白质组相比,试验1组和试验2组ADFI显著提高(P<0.05)。22~42日龄,与正常蛋白质组和低蛋白质组相比,试验2组F/G显著降低(P<0.05)。43~56日龄,与正常蛋白质组和低蛋白质组相比,试验2组~试验4组F/G有降低趋势(P=0.068)。5)与正常蛋白质组相比,试验组DM、CP和总能(GE)表观代谢率显著提高(P<0.05),试验4组磷表观代谢率显著提高(P<0.05);与低蛋白质组相比,试验4组DM、CP和GE表观代谢率显著提高(P<0.05),试验2组~试验4组钙表观代谢率显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,TAP耐温性较强,可提高豆粕中ASP含量并降低抗原蛋白含量;在黄羽肉鸡低蛋白质饲粮中添加4~8 U/g TAP可提高养分表观代谢率,并提高其生长性能。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the temperature tolerance of thermostable acid protease(TAP),degradation characteristics of soybean meal antigen protein,and the effects of its supplementation in low protein corn-soybean meal type diet on growth performance and nutrient apparent metabolic rates of yellow feathered chickens.In vitro experiment was conducted to determine the temperature tolerance of TAP by water bath method and granulation method.The degradation effects of different addition amounts of TAP[0(blank),2,4,6 and 8 U/g]on antigen protein in soybean meal raw materials were analyzed.Meanwhile,the effects of TAP on the protein digestibility in corn-soybean meal type diet were determined through bionic digestion experiment.In vivo,480 healthy one-day-old fast-growing yellow feathered male chickens were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups with 8 replicates in each group and 10 chickens in each replicate.Chickens in the normal protein group were fed a normal protein level corn-soybean meal type basal diet,those in the low protein group were fed a low protein level corn-soybean meal type diet,and those in experimental groups 1 to 4 were fed the diets supplemented with 2,4,6 and 8 U/g TAP on the basis of the low protein group diet,respectively.The experiment lasted for 56 days.The results showed as follows:1)TAP still retained a relatively high activity(retention rate of 80.00%)under the granulation condition of 80℃and had strong temperature tolerance.2)Compared with the soybean meal raw materials and the blank group,the supplementation of different doses of TAP significantly increased the acid-soluble protein(ASP)content(P<0.05),and the supplementation of 4 to 8 U/g TAP significantly decreased the contents of glycinin andβ-conglycinin(P<0.05).3)In the bionic digestion experiment,compared with the blank group,the supplementation of 4 to 8 U/g TAP significantly increased the digestibilities of dry matter(DM)and crude protein(CP)(P<0.05).4)From 1 to 21 days of age,compared with the normal protein group,the average daily feed intake(ADFI)and feed to gain ratio(F/G)in the experimental groups were significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with the low protein group,the ADFI in experimental groups 1 and 2 was significantly increased(P<0.05).From 22 to 42 days of age,compared with the normal protein group and the low protein group,the F/G in experimental group 2 was significantly decreased(P<0.05).From 43 to 56 days of age,compared with the normal protein group and the low protein group,there was a decreasing trend of F/G in experimental groups 2 to 4(P=0.068).5)Compared with the normal protein group,the apparent metabolic rates of DM,CP and gross energy(GE)in the experimental groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the apparent metabolic rate of phosphorus in experimental group 4 was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the low protein group,the apparent metabolic rates of DM,CP and GE in experimental group 4 were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the apparent metabolic rate of calcium in experimental groups 2 to 4 was significantly increased(P<0.05).To sum up,TAP has strong temperature tolerance,which can increase the ASP content in soybean meal and reduce the antigen protein content.The supplementation of 4 to 8 U/g TAP in low protein diet of yellow feathered chickens can increase the nutrient apparent metabolic rates and improve their growth performance.
作者
陈丹蝶
王敏
刘舸
黄志毅
李阳源
张成
丁建华
洪小华
郭玉光
CHEN Dandie;WANG Min;LIU Ge;HUANG Zhiyi;LI Yangyuan;ZHANG Cheng;DING Jianhua;HONG Xiaohua;GUO Yuguang(Guangdong VTR Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Zhuhai 519060,China;Zhuhai Hengqin Yitai Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Zhuhai 519060,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;Anhui Muxiang Poultry Industry Co.,Ltd.,Lu’an 237400,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第9期5911-5922,共12页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020226006)
珠海市社会发展领域科技计划项目提高畜禽养殖效益的量化型生物酶制剂研究开发(2320004000138)。
关键词
耐高温酸性蛋白酶
抗原蛋白
低蛋白质饲粮
黄羽肉鸡
生长性能
养分表观代谢率
thermostable acid protease
antigen protein
low protein diet
yellow feathered chickens
growth performance
nutrient apparent metabolic rates
