摘要
近年来,深圳市极端灾害性天气呈现增多趋势,对防范气象灾害重大风险的要求越来越高。为做好极端降雨防范应对工作,深圳市气象部门复盘总结建立了临灾预警“叫应”“343”机制(临灾预警发布的3种策略——预警前提醒要强,预警发布单元要小,预警区域扩展要快;临灾预警“叫应”的4种方式——“直通式”报告市领导,“精准式”风险提醒,“兜底式”自动呼叫,“闭环式”监督落实;临灾预警服务的3种措施——全网发布高级别预警短信,高频发布降水实况和短临预测信息,全过程开展“预报+科普”服务)。2023年9月7—8日,深圳市出现持续强降雨,打破了深圳市1952年有气象记录以来的7项降雨纪录,是一场超城市防洪排涝能力的突发极端特大暴雨灾害。介绍了临灾预警“叫应”“343”机制在此次极端特大暴雨灾害中的应用及部门响应联动情况,为其他地区开展防灾减灾救灾工作提供参考。
In recent years,extreme weather disasters in Shenzhen have shown an increasing trend,and the requirements for preventing major risks of meteorological disasters are becoming higher and higher.In order to do a good job in preventing and responding to extreme rainfall,the Shenzhen Meteorological Department has reviewed and summarized the establishment of the"call response"and"343"mechanisms for emergency warning(three strategies for emergency warning release-strong pre warning reminders,small warning release units,and fast expansion of warning areas;four ways for emergency warning"call response"-"direct reporting"to city leaders,"precise"risk reminders,"fallback"automatic calls,and"closed-loop"supervision and implementation;three measures for emergency warning services-the entire network releases high-level warning SMS,high-frequency releases of precipitation real-time and short-term forecast information,and carries out"forecast+science popularization"services throughout the process).From September 7 to 8,2023,continuous heavy rainfall occurred in Shenzhen,breaking seven rainfall records since 1952,which is a sudden extreme extremely heavy rainstorm disaster beyond the city's flood control and drainage capacity.This paper introduces the application of the disaster early warning"call response"and"343"mechanism in the extreme extremely heavy rainstorm disaster and the linkage of department response,which provides reference for other regions to carry out disaster prevention,mitigation and relief work.
作者
兰红平
刘德峰
李明华
王常效
徐婷
LAN Hongping;LIU Defeng;LI Minghua;WANG Changxiao;XU Ting(Meteorological Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality,Shenzhen 518040;Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Severe Weather in South China,and Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau,Shenzhen 518040;Emergency Management Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality,Shenzhen 518040)
出处
《中国防汛抗旱》
2025年第9期77-81,共5页
China Flood & Drought Management
基金
超大城市智慧气象服务公私参与示范项目(RA II-17-J-PP-1)
中国工程院战略研究咨询项目——应对极端气象灾害重大科技发展战略研究
超大城市气象灾害综合风险预警服务机制的探索与实践——以深圳为例(2022ZDIANXM14)
中国气象局决策气象服务专项项目——“31631”递进式气象服务的内涵与深化发展。
