摘要
湿法炼锌是锌冶炼的主流工艺之一,铊作为锌精矿的伴生元素,其代谢产物会随着冶炼过程产生与排放,造成生态环境风险。本文针对湿法炼锌系统铊元素高度分散、代谢路径不清等问题,基于热力学模拟与物质流分析,研究铊在湿法炼锌全过程的迁移路径与排放特征。研究结果表明:在湿法炼锌生产过程中,铊主要通过混合锌精矿输入,铊质量占铊总输入量的99.52%,铊主要通过高氟氯烟尘输出,铊质量占铊总输入量的67.81%,铊通过挥发窑窑渣输出,铊质量占铊总输入量的24.51%,少量铊通过酸性废水等废弃物及镉渣等副产品输出系统。在焙烧工序中,铊主要以Tl_(2)O形式输出;在浸出净化工序中,铊主要以Tl(OH)_(3)形式输出;在挥发窑及多膛炉工序中,铊主要以Tl_(2)O和TlCl形式排放至系统外。通过低铊锌精矿原料的使用、高氟氯烟尘铊定向富集回收、镉渣及酸性废水铊处理技术优化等措施,铊综合减排可达81.75%,开展源头过程末端协同治理可有效降低铊排放,实现铊资源回收。
Hydrometallurgical zinc smelting is a mainstream zinc production process.Thallium(Tl)is an associated element in zinc concentrates,its metabolites are generated and discharged during the smelting process,posing ecological and environmental risks.The high dispersion and unclear metabolic pathways of Tl in hydrometallurgical zinc systems were studied by employing thermodynamic simulation and material flow analysis to trace Tl migration and emission characteristics across the entire process.The results show that during the hydrometallurgical zinc smelting production process,thallium is mainly input through mixed zinc concentrates,accounting for 99.52%of the total thallium input.Thallium is mainly output through high-fluorine and high-chlorine fumes,accounting for 67.81%of the total thallium input.Thallium is output through volatile kiln slag,accounting for 24.51%of the total thallium input,and the small amount of thallium is output from the system through wastes such as acidic wastewater and by-products such as cadmium slag.In the roasting stage,Tl exists predominantly as Tl_(2)O during leaching and purification.Tl precipitates as Tl(OH)_(3)in the volatilization kiln and multiple-hearth furnace stages,Tl emits as Tl_(2)O and TlCl,exiting from the system.Through measures such as the use of low-thallium zinc concentrate raw materials,directional enrichment and recovery of thallium from high-fluorine and high-chlorine fumes,and optimization of thallium treatment technology for cadmium slag and acidic wastewater,the comprehensive emission reduction of thallium can reach 81.75%.Integrated source process end treatment effectively minimizes Tl discharge and realizes Tl resource recycle.
作者
董鹏昊
毕莹莹
李泽莹
张耀宗
赵德润
顾和弦
孙晓明
DONG Penghao;BI Yingying;LI Zeying;ZHANG Yaozong;ZHAO Derun;GU Hexian;SUN Xiaoming(Key Laboratory of Eco-Industry,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;School of Architecture and Engineering,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063000,China)
出处
《中南大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第8期3360-3368,共9页
Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3904101)。
关键词
湿法炼锌
铊物质流
污染防控
减排策略
hydrometallurgical zinc smelting
thallium material flow
pollution prevention and control
emission reduction strategies
