摘要
【目的】饲草料供应是肉牛等畜牧产业发展的基础,分析饲草料供应潜力及其时空格局,可为提升饲草料供应稳定性和可靠性提供参考依据。【方法】以贵州省为研究区域,基于2023年不同区(县)水稻、小麦、玉米、马铃薯、甘薯、花生、油菜、大豆、甘蔗和其他粮食作物的产量、草谷比和可收集系数,计算作物秸秆和茎叶饲草料供应潜力,基于草地面积和草地生产力,计算贵州草地牧草产量。【结果】贵州省饲草料供应潜力为约4700万吨/年,其中包括农作物秸秆和茎叶约1400万吨/年,草地牧草产量约3300万吨/年。饲草料供应潜力具有明显的时空不均匀性,在空间上,西部供应潜力明显大于中部和东部;在时间上,夏秋季节供应潜力高于冬春季节。未来需降低其秸秆和茎叶饲料化利用成本,提高其饲料化利用率。对于草地,应加强草地改良提高草地生产力,建设青贮玉米和皇竹草等人工饲草地,并适当利用灌草丛和部分林下草地。在时间上,冬春季节应该加强青贮饲草料、加工饲草料供应和增加冬闲田种草面积,提高饲草料供给的季节性均衡。在空间上,饲草料供应不足的地区,进行不同地区间的饲草料调配。【结论】贵州未来可因地制宜提高饲草料供应总量,同时合理调配不同季节和区域之间的供应能力,以提高肉牛产业发展饲草料时空格局的稳定性和可靠性。
[Objective]Forage supply is fundamental to the development of the livestock industry,such as beef production.Analyzing the potential and spatio-temporal pattern of forage supply can provide a scientific basis for enhancing the stability and reliability of forage supply.[Method]The study focused on Guizhou province and analyzed the yield,straw-to-grain ratio,and collectible coefficient of major crops(including rice,wheat,maize,potato,sweet potato,peanut,oilseed rape,soybean,sugarcane,and other grains)across different counties in 2023 The supply potential of crop straw and stem-leaf forage was calculated.Additionally,grassland forage yield was estimated from grassland area and productivity data.[Result]Guizhou province's potential forage supply was about 47 million Vyear,including about 14 million Vyear of crop straw and stems/leaves and about 33 million/year of grassland forage.The potential forage supply exhibited significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity,spatially,the western region had a notably higher supply than the central and eastern regions;Temporally,the potential supply was greater in summer and autumn than in winter and spring.Future research should focus on reducing the processing costs of converting crop straw and stems into feed material,while improving the efficiency of its utilization as animal feed.For grasslands,efforts should be focused on enhancing grassland productivity through improvement practices,establishing artificial forage grasslands such as silage maize and pennisetum(Pennisetum sinese Roxb.),while appropriately utilizing shrub-grass communities and partial under-forest grasslands resources.From a temporal perspective,it was essential to enhance the supply of silage and processed feed,expand the area of grass cultivation in winter fallow fields,and improve the seasonal balance of feed provision during winter and spring.From a spatial perspective,in regions experiencing feed supply deficits,it was recommended to implement inter-regional feed resource allocation mechanisms.[Conclusion]Guizhou will increase the total forage supply in the future according to local conditions,while rationally allocating resources across different seasons and regions.This approach will enhance the stability and reliability of the spatio-temporal pattern of forage for the development of the beef cattle industry.
作者
沙春稳
金宝成
郝俊
杨载宁
简忠领
刘克
刘静
田兵
SHA Chun-wen;JIN Bao-cheng;HAO Jun;YANG Zai-ning;JIAN Zhong-ling;LIU Ke;LIU Jing;TIAN Bing(College of Animal Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Faculty of Environmental Earth Science,Hokkaido University Sapporo,Hokkaido 0600808,Japan;Guizhou Wela Detection Technology Co.Ltd.,Guiyang 550025,China;Guizhou Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center,Guiyang 550001,China;Guizhou Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Guiyang 550001,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第6期1169-1176,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
农作物秸秆综合利用项目(K23-0105-014)
水稻秸秆饲料化利用提质增效关键技术研究项目(KY202302)
贵州省牧草产业技术体系项目(Z2025048)
贵州省农业生态与资源保护产业技术体系(GZSTCYJSTX2025-01)
国家留学基金项目(2023[43]202308520095)。
关键词
肉牛产业
草谷比
可收集系数
冬闲田
作物秸秆
Beef cattle industry
Straw-to-grain ratio
Collectable Coefficient
Winter fallow field
Crop straw
