摘要
尼洋河流域作为藏东南地区生态安全屏障的重要组成部分,其生态安全格局的科学构建对增强流域生态韧性、保障生态安全和推动区域可持续发展具有重要意义。基于流域生态系统服务评估,筛选生态源地;融合熵权法与最小累计阻力模型构建综合阻力面;运用Linkage Mapper Toolbox提取潜在廊道和夹点,以此刻画出尼洋河流域生态安全格局,并据此提出针对性的生态修复策略及优化路径。结果表明:1)尼洋河流域生态水平地域分异显著,呈西低东高的梯度递增趋势,较高和高度水平区比例为40.30%。2)共识别生态源地44个,覆盖面积为1455.42 km^(2),比例6.40%;生态廊道共107条,总长度为1135.68 km,其中关键廊道63条,重要廊道33条;识别生态夹点103.42 km^(2),空间分布与林草覆盖度、地形及人类活动显著相关,呈现东部密集、西部稀疏的空间分布特征。3)基于生态安全格局构建评价分析结果,提出“三区三带”的生态建设策略,针对不同区域提出差异化管理措施。研究结果可为优化流域生态网络、提升生物多样性及协调人地关系提供科学参考。
[Background]The Nyang River Basin serves as a crucial ecological security barrier in southeastern Xizang.Due to its unique geographical location and fragile alpine environment,it faces significant pressures from intensifying human activities and climate change.These factors have led to increasing landscape fragmentation,declining biodiversity,and reduced ecological resilience,presenting urgent challenges for regional sustainable development.Scientifically constructing the ecological security pattern of the Nyang River Basin is essential for enhancing ecological resilience,maintaining ecosystem stability,and promoting sustainable regional growth.[Methods]Focusing on the Nyang River Basin,we analyzed four key ecosystem service indicators and equally weighted and summed their evaluation results to derive integrated ecosystem service importance.Zones classified as“extreme importance”were selected as ecological sources.We then constructed a comprehensive resistance surface by combining the Minimum Cumulative Resistance(MCR)model with the Entropy Weight Method(EWM).Using the circuit theory approach in the Linkage Mapper tool,we extracted ecological corridors and pinch points,thereby established the ecological security pattern.Finally,drawing on an extensive review of relevant literature and the ecological governance evaluation methods it contains,and in light of the Nyang River Basin’s specific characteristics,we systematically assessed its ecological security pattern and proposed targeted restoration strategies and optimization pathways.[Results]1)Ecological security within the Nyang River Basin exhibits pronounced spatial differentiation,increasing from west to east.High and relatively high-security areas cover 9425.90 km^(2)(40.3%of the basin),while low and relatively low-security areas cover 9176.12 km^(2)(39.23%).2)We identified 44 ecological source patches totaling 1455.42 km^(2)(6.4%of the basin),primarily clustered in the middle and lower reaches,with scattered patches in the upper reaches.From these sources,107 ecological corridors were mapped-forming a dendritic network 1135.68 km in length−with higher density in the east and lower density in the west;among them,63 were classified as“critical”and 33 as“important.”Ecological pinch points cover 103.42 km^(2)and align with areas of dense forest and grassland cover,varied terrain,and levels of human disturbance,also exhibiting an east-dense,west-sparse distribution.3)Based on the construction and evaluation of the ecological security pattern,a“Three Zones and Three Belts”ecological construction strategy is proposed.The core zones comprise an Ecological Restoration Zone,focused on rehabilitating degraded source areas;an Ecological Corridor Protection Zone,dedicated to preserving identified corridors and pinch points;and an Ecological Conservation Zone,aimed at safeguarding high-integrity landscapes.The supporting belts include a Biodiversity Protection Belt,an Ecological Corridor Restoration Belt,and an Ecological Security Construction Belt.Together,these elements form a“zone-led,belt-coordinated”basin-wide ecological protection network.[Conclusions]The results can effectively enhance regional ecosystem service functions,safeguard biodiversity,and provide a solid foundation for coordinating ecological security with economic development and formulating differentiated protection and restoration strategies.
作者
邹成成
李文博
李保群
陈进勋
ZOU Chengcheng;LI Wenbo;LI Baoqun;CHEN Jinxun(Resources and Environment College,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,860000,Nyingchi,Xizang,China;Xizang Center for Human Settlements Research,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,860000,Nyingchi,Xizang,China)
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
北大核心
2025年第4期194-204,共11页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金西藏项目(23XZJA840001)
高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室(20210111)
2025年中央财政支持地方高校发展改革专项资金:高原特色农牧科技小院建设及综合服务能力提升(YJSXK2025-12)。
