摘要
理解一个自然现象,需要把握对这一现象的正确解释。迈克尔·斯特雷文斯认为,“把握一个正确的解释”与“知道一个正确的解释”是两种不同的认知状态,因为把握一个解释,需要把握相关的属性,而把握一个属性,需要拥有识别该属性之实例的能力。但从反事实推理的角度看:把握一个属性与认知主体回答反事实问题和进行推理的能力更加密切相关。相比之下,把握并非如斯特雷文斯所主张的,是一个单向输入的过程,而是包含输入与输出双面特性的认知活动。因此,拥有反事实推理能力比识别实例能力更关键。
To understand a natural phenomenon,one needs to grasp a correct explanation.According to the recognition theory recently proposed by Strevens,grasping a correct explanation is different from knowing it.For grasping an explanation requires grasping the relevant properties,and grasping a property means having the ability to recognize instances of that property.However,from the perspective of counterfactual reasoning,grasping a property is more closely related to the agent's ability to reason and answer counterfactual questions.In contrast to Strevens's view,grasp does not hinge solely on input,but rather hinges both on input and output.Therefore,the ability to reason and answer counterfactual questions is more crucial than the ability to recognizeinstances.
作者
张昱顾
ZHANG Yu-gu(School of Philosophy,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《自然辩证法研究》
北大核心
2025年第7期54-59,72,共7页
Studies in Dialectics of Nature
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“分析哲学视野中理解理论研究”(22BZX101)。
关键词
科学理解
把握
识别理论
scientific understanding
grasp
therecognition theory
