摘要
社区公共空间是城市公共空间系统的重要组成部分。由于老年居民特殊的生理和心理状态,其活动主要局限于居住区域附近,对社区公共空间的依赖更大。因此,此类公共空间的质量对于老年居民的身心健康具有显著作用。热舒适是影响公共空间品质的重要因素之一。鉴于老年居民主要依赖步行到达和使用公共空间,从老年居民热舒适视角关注社区公共空间的整体质量,需从节点和路径两个维度出发,对两类空间构成要素的热舒适进行综合衡量。上海市殷行社区是老龄化现象十分显著的典型社区。以该社区公共空间为研究对象,通过环境实测与问卷调查,探讨微气候参数对老年居民热感觉的影响及不同年龄段老龄人口之间的差异,同时分析节点与路径热舒适性对公共空间综合满意度的作用。结果表明,冬季老年居民热感觉受平均辐射温度和空气温度影响较大,而夏季则受空气温度和相对湿度影响较大。随着年龄增长,老年居民对微气候变化的敏感性逐步增强,尤其在70~79岁年龄段表现出显著变化;其满意度受到节点和路径热舒适的双重影响,且影响程度随着年龄增长由路径转向节点。在此基础上,提出节点与路径的差异化微气候干预策略,为社区公共空间的适老化精准设计提供针对性的理论支撑与实践指导。
Community public spaces constitute an essential component of the urban public space system.Considering the distinctive physiological and psychological attributes of elderly residents,whose activities are predominantly limited to their residential areas,the quality of these spaces plays a crucial role in their overall well-being.Thermal comfort,as a fundamental factor influencing the quality of public space,should be assessed from both the node(activity areas)and pathway(pedestrian routes)perspectives,given that elderly residents primarily access these spaces on foot.The Yinhang Community in Shanghai,exemplifying notable aging characteristics,has been selected as the study area.Through fi eld measurements and questionnaires,this study investigates the impact of microclimatic parameters on the thermal perceptions of elderly residents,examines differences among various age groups,and assesses how thermal comfort at nodes and pathways infl uences overall satisfaction.The results indicate that during winter,the thermal perception of elderly residents is predominantly infl uenced by mean radiant temperature and air temperature.Conversely,in the summer,air temperature and relative humidity emerge as more critical factors.Sensitivity to microclimate conditions escalates with age,with signifi cant changes observed within the 70~79 age group.Furthermore,overall satisfaction is collectively affected by the thermal comfort of both nodes and pathways,with the primary infl uence transitioning from pathways to nodes as age advances.Based on these fi ndings,tailored microclimate strategies for nodes and pathways are proposed to facilitate precise and age-friendly design of community public spaces.
作者
王一
张若彤
WANG Yi;ZHANG Ruotong(College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji University,Shanghai,China,200092)
出处
《园林》
2025年第9期27-33,共7页
Landscape Architecture Academic Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“街区式商业综合体公共空间热环境和使用者行为耦合度评价方法和模式研究”(编号:52078338)。
关键词
老龄化
微气候
热舒适
上海市
殷行社区
aging
microclimate
thermal comfort
Shanghai City
Yinhang Community
