摘要
针对肥胖儿童在炎热夏季户外活动热应激风险高且热感知影响机制不明等问题,选取西安地区某城市公园典型开放空间,以肥胖儿童为研究对象,监测其在树荫和无遮阳空间中开展低、中和高强度活动,结合物理气象测量、生理数据监测与热感知问卷调研,揭示肥胖儿童室外热生理热证、构建其热感知预测模型。结果表明:1)肥胖儿童的中性温度(NUTCI)由低强度29.11℃骤降至高强度14.26℃,热可接受范围(TAR)上限缩窄37%,高强度活动下高温耐受性显著下降;2)身体质量指数(BMI)对肥胖儿童的脸颊、小腿、耳道温度影响极显著(p<0.01);3)影响肥胖儿童热感知的关键生理参数随活动强度变化,低强度时后背主导(r_(s)=0.733),中强度小腿突出(r_(s)=0.793),高强度心率(r_(s)=0.675)与左脸(r_(s)=0.590)为核心;4)分别建立低、中强度模型(后背、手腕、小腿组合)与高强度肥胖儿童热感知预测模型(心率、脸颊、手腕组合),精度分别为93%和88%。研究结果为肥胖儿童热暴露健康风险防控提供理论依据,为有效规避肥胖儿童室外热风险的空间设计提供技术指导。
Accelerated global urbanization has intensified the Urban Heat Island(UHI)effect,increasing the frequency and severity of extreme heat events and posing a significant environmental threat to public health.In this context,obese children,due to their unique physiological vulnerabilities(such as a low body surface area-mass ratio and reduced heat dissipation efficiency caused by subcutaneous fat insulation)and psycho-behavioral characteristics(including insufficient heat risk awareness and reduced activity willingness in high temperatures),have become a sensitive group requiring urgent attention in climate-adaptive urban design.However,there is a significant knowledge gap in people’s understanding of the thermoregulatory responses of obese children during outdoor dynamic activities.Particularly,the coupling patterns between heat perception and physiological parameters have not been systematically quantified,severely hindering the development of precise heat-risk prevention strategies.To address this,the study in Xi'an,China focused on children's activity spaces with high usage rates in urban parks.Through actual measurement experiments,it monitored the multidimensional physiological responses of obese children(BMI≥95%)during light,moderate,and vigorous-intensity activities under shaded and unshaded conditions.Simultaneously,high-precision microclimate parameters(including air temperature,black globe temperature,relative humidity,solar radiation,and wind speed)were collected and integrated with thermal perception questionnaires to reveal the thermoregulatory patterns of obese children during dynamic activities and develop a thermal perception prediction model based on physiological parameters.The results indicated that:1)The thermal neutral temperature(NUTCI)of obese children dropped sharply with increasing activity intensity.It was 29.1°C during light-intensity activity but plummeted to 14.3°C during vigorous-intensity activity,a 51%drop,with the upper limit of the thermal acceptability range(TAR)narrowed by 37%,indicating significantly reduced high-temperature tolerance under vigorous-intensity activity.2)Body Mass Index(BMI)had a specific effect on local body surface temperature.Statistical analysis showed that BMI had a highly significant impact on the temperature of the cheeks,calves,and ear canals(p<0.01),indicating that the degree of obesity directly affected heat dissipation efficiency,particularly in the distal regions of the limbs.3)The key physiological parameters affecting thermal perception in obese children varied with activity intensity.During light-intensity activity,the back(r_(s)=0.73)dominates heat perception;during moderate-intensity activity,the lower leg has the strongest correlation(r_(s)=0.79);and during vigorous-intensity activity,heart rate becomes the core factor(r_(s)=0.68),with cheek temperature correlation also rising significantly(r_(s)=0.59).4)Two types of heat perception prediction models for obese children were developed:one for light and moderate-intensity activities(combining back,wrist,and lower leg data)and another for vigorous-intensity activities(combining heart rate,cheek,and wrist data).These models had accuracies of 93%and 88%respectively.They required fewer parameters and had stronger dynamic adaptability than existing solutions,integrating responses to different metabolic rates and sudden thermal environmental changes.This provides a fast and accurate prediction method for the thermal health management of obese children.The findings offer a scientific basis for effectively avoiding heat injuries to obese children during extreme heat and provide technical guidance for landscape architects to consider the special thermoregulatory needs of obese children in the design of public open spaces.This contributes to achieving the dual strategic goals of children's health equity and the protection of climate-vulnerable groups in the context of global climate change.
作者
李亦辰
张新月
邓培
洪波
LI Yichen;ZHANG Xinyue;DENG Pei;HONG Bo(College of Landscape Architecture and Arts,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100)
出处
《中国园林》
北大核心
2025年第8期36-43,共8页
Chinese Landscape Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51708451)。
关键词
风景园林
室外热舒适
热生理特征
预测模型
肥胖儿童
landscape architecture
outdoor thermal comfort
thermal physiological characteristics
prediction model
obese children
