摘要
草原火灾,特别是草原大火,会导致生物多样性锐减、植被破坏、环境污染,并造成人民生命财产的重大损失。因此,草原火灾防控至关重要。本文系统梳理国内外草原防火技术,提出以预测、监测、阻隔、灭火为核心的防控框架。预测技术通过模型评估火灾发生概率与强度,在此基础上启动“空-天-地”立体监测网络,对高风险区域实施长期监测。基于预警信息提前规划防火隔离带形成物理屏障。当火情发生时,智能决策系统利用前期获取的火场相关数据,快速生成最优扑救方案,实现精准灭火。这四类技术通过有机整合,形成“预测预警-动态监测-物理阻隔-精准扑救”的全链条防控体系,并通过人工智能与大数据平台实现技术联动与信息共享。未来研究应聚焦绿色环保、智能可控、高效精准方向。本文为完善我国草原火灾防控体系、降低火灾损失提供了重要理论依据。
Grassland fires,particularly devastating fires,cause severe declines in biodiversity,vegetation degradation,environmental pollution,and significant human and property losses.Therefore,effective wildfire prevention and control in grassland ecosystems is extremely important.This paper systematically reviewed global grassland fire management technologies and proposed a comprehensive framework centered on four core components:forecasting techniques,monitoring technology,barrier technology,and fire extinguishing technology.Forecasting techniques used models to assess fire occurrence probability and intensity,which triggered the activation of an“air-space-ground”integrated monitoring network for long-term surveillance of high-risk areas.Pre-planned firebreaks were strategically deployed based on early warnings to create physical barriers.When fires occurred,an intelligent decision-making system quickly generated optimal suppression strategies using precollected fire behavior data,enabling targeted fire suppression.These four technologies were integrated into a closed-loop management system encompassing“prediction-warning,dynamic monitoring,physical barriers,and precision suppression,”with artificial intelligence and big data platforms facilitating technical interoperability and information sharing.Future research should prioritize eco-friendly solutions,intelligent control mechanisms,and high-efficiency precision technologies.This study provided a critical theoretical foundation for enhancing China’s grassland fire prevention systems and mitigating fire-related damages.
作者
张姝玭
乌日罕
颜安
高英志
ZHANG Shu-pin;Wurihan;YAN An;GAO Ying-zhi(Xinjiang Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Desert Area of the Ministry of Education,College of Grassland Science,Urumqi,Xinjiang 830052,China;Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education,Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration,Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin Province 130024,China)
出处
《草地学报》
北大核心
2025年第8期2413-2422,共10页
Acta Agrestia Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划(2025YFE0103800)
国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(W2412123)
新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(2023E01008)资助。
关键词
草原防火
预测技术
监测技术
阻隔技术
灭火技术
Grassland fire prevention
Forecasting techniques
Monitoring technology
Barrier technology
Fire extinguishing technology
