摘要
目的通过对中国0~15岁人群风疹发病趋势进行分析,了解中国将含风疹成分疫苗(rubella containing vaccine,RCV)纳入国家免疫规划对风疹防控工作的影响。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统和麻疹监测信息报告管理系统收集中国2004—2023年0~15岁人群风疹发病信息和同期人口数据,使用年龄-时期-队列(age-period-cohort,APC)模型分析年龄、时期和出生队列效应对风疹报告发病率的影响。结果2004—2023年我国报告0~15岁风疹病例370851例,占全人群报告病例数的63.42%(370851/584758)。发病率从2004年的6.12/10万上升至2008年28.38/10万,随后波动下降至2023年0.12/10万的最低水平。用APC模型分析年龄效应,结果显示,发病率从0岁组的23.22/10万下降至15岁组的0.55/10万;分析时期效应,结果显示,相对发病风险在2008年达到高峰后(RR=6.04,95%CI:4.80~7.61),逐渐下降至2023年最低水平(RR=0.03,95%CI:0.01~0.13),但2011年和2019年有回升;分析队列效应,结果显示,从最早出生的队列(1989年,RR=21.32,95%CI:7.40~61.43)到最近的出生队列(2023年,RR=0.08,95%CI:0.01~1.22)相对发病风险持续下降。结论2004—2023年中国0~15岁人群风疹报告发病率整体呈下降趋势,疫苗接种对我国风疹防控工作产生了重大的积极影响,现阶段风疹处于1/100万以下极低水平流行。未来仍需保持儿童常规RCV的高接种率,同时应采取有针对性的措施,填补易感人群的免疫空白,持续推动消除风疹进程.
Objective To analyze the trends in rubella incidence among the O to 15 age group in China to as-sess the impact of incorporating the rubella containing vaccine(RCV)into the National Immunization Program on prevention and control of rubella.Methods Data on rubella cases and corresponding population statistics for individuals aged 0-15 from 2004 to 2023 were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control In-formation System and the Measles Surveillance Information Reporting Management System.An age-period-cohort(APC)model was used to analyze the effects of age,period,and birth cohort on reported rubella incidence rates.Results A total of 370851 rubella cases were reported in China from 2004 to 2023 in 0-15 years old people,accounting for 63.42%(370851/584758)of the total reported cases.The incidence increased from 6.12 per 100000 in 2004 to 28.38 per 100000 in 2008,then subsequently fluctuated to the lowest level of 0.12 per 100000 in 2023.Age effect of the APC model showed that the incidence decreased from 23.22 per 100000 in the 0-year group to 0.55 per 100000 in the 15-year group.The period effect showed that after the peak in 2008(RR=6.04,95%CI:4.80-7.61),the relative risk of rubella gradually decreased to the lowest level in 2023(RR=0.03,95%CI:0.01-0.13),but there were rebounds in 2011 and 2019.The cohort effect showed a sustained decline in relative risk from the earliest birth cohort(born in 1989,RR=21.32,95%CI:7.40-61.43)to the most recent birth cohort(born in 2023,RR=0.08,95%CI:0.01-1.22).Conclusions From 2004 to 2023,the incidence of rubella among the O-15 age group in China exhibited a general downward trend,significantly influenced by vaccination efforts.The incidence of rubella is at a very low level of prevalence below 1 per million at present,but it is still necessary to maintain a high rate of routine RCV vaccination among children while taking targeted measures to fill the immunization gap of susceptible populations to continue to promote the process of rubella elimination in the future.
作者
刘斯宇
许侠
刘倩倩
唐林
王晓琪
黄澳迪
李玖洪
修乐欣
杨宏
温宁
Lance E.Rodewald
王富珍
尹遵栋
LIU Siyu;XU Xia;LIU Qianqian;TANG Lin;WANG Xiaoqi;HUANG Aodi;LI Jiuhong;XIU Yuexin;YANG Hong;WEN Ning;Lance ERodewald;WANG Fuzhen;YIN Zundong(National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206;National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100050,China)
出处
《中国病毒病杂志》
2025年第3期230-235,共6页
Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases
基金
中国CDC公共卫生应急反应机制的运行免疫规划项目(102393220020010000017-251705)。
