摘要
就业是民生之本,而工伤事故隐患是企业劳动雇佣决策的重要掣肘。本文基于企业生产最优化路径,推导演绎政府投入工伤预防费用对企业用工决策的影响机制,然后以工伤预防试点政策作为准自然实验进行经验分析。研究发现,工伤预防显著扩大了企业劳动雇佣规模,而且与社保体制改革和数字化征管产生相互促进的协同效应。机制分析表明,工伤预防能有效影响企业生产经营全过程,通过避险效应、减负效应和预防效应促进企业雇佣规模增加。稳就业效应对于劳动收入份额较高或劳动力紧缺的企业影响更显著,对高技能劳动力的影响尤其明显。成本收益分析表明,工伤预防累计增加全国就业岗位约260.26万个,稳岗成本约为6176.21元/岗。
Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood,and the risk of work-related accidents represents a key constraint on enterprises'labor hiring decisions.China has established an employment injury insurance system encompassing"prevention,rehabilitation and compensation".However,a widespread phenomenon of"emphasizing post-compensation while neglecting pre-prevention"remains,with enterprises and workers still demonstrating relatively insufficient awareness and capacity for occupational injury prevention.Between 2005 and 2012,China recorded an annual average of over 1300 workplace safety accidents,with a consistent year-on-year increase.These incidents not only severely undermine employees'work motivation and productivity but also act as a substantial"stumbling block"in corporate labor recruitment decisions,thereby exacerbating structural imbalances in labor market supply-demand dynamics.Consequently,proactive occupational injury prevention serves as a critical safeguard for employment stability.Beginning in 2013,China implemented a phased pilot programme on occupational injury prevention in selected regions,authorizing local governments to allocate a proportion of employment injury insurance funds towards prevention initiatives,encompassing awareness campaigns,occupational training and workplace rectifications.This policy intervention offers a valuable quasi-natural experiment for examining the causal relationship between occupational injury prevention and enterprise employment.Leveraging this quasi-natural experiment,the study establishes that occupational injury prevention not only significantly increases enterprise employment but also creates positive synergies with social security system reforms and digital governance.Mechanism analysis reveals that such preventive measures systematically regulate corporate end-to-end production and operational processes,stimulating employment through three mechanisms:risk reduction,operational cost mitigation and preventive capability strengthening.The employment-stabilizing effect is particularly significant in enterprises exhibiting higher labor income shares or severe labor shortages,with the most substantial impact observed on high-skilled labor.The study quantifies the policy's nationwide impact,estimating that cumulative employment generation reached approximately 2.6026 million jobs.The intervention demonstrates notable cost-effectiveness,requiring RMB 6176.21 to stabilize each existing job.Beyond these empirical results,the study makes three key contributions to the extant literature:(1)A novel policy innovation perspective.Whereas prior research has largely overlooked China's employment injury insurance system and enterprise-level occupational injury prevention,this paper constructs a theoretical model incorporating prevention mechanism.(2)Demonstrated dual-benefit employment effects of occupational injury prevention.Diverging from conventional analyses focusing on the Labor Contract Law(劳动合同法,2008)or Social Insurance Law(社会保险法,2011)-which predominantly emphasize unilateral employee protections while inadvertently increasing corporate burdens and suppressing hiring-occupational injury prevention delivers mutually advantageous outcomes.The policy safeguards worker health while simultaneously diminishing enterprises'unforeseen operational risks and losses,thereby fostering sustainable production practices.(3)Identification of multi-pathway operational mechanisms.While prevailing scholarship predominantly anchors corporate hiring decisions to liquidity constraints and revenue considerations,this research identifies three distinct channels through which occupational injury prevention incentivizes hiring:"risk avoidance","burden reduction"and"proactiveprevention".
作者
唐飞鹏
霍文希
Tang Feipeng;Huo Wenxi
出处
《世界经济》
北大核心
2025年第8期176-202,共27页
The Journal of World Economy
基金
国家社科基金一般项目(23BJY031)的资助。
关键词
工伤预防
劳动雇佣
工伤保险
稳就业
occupational injury prevention
labor employment
employment injury insurance
employment stability
