摘要
目的 通过质性研究获得3~6岁儿童龋病照顾者的照顾需求,结合能力、机会、动机-行为(COM-B)理论模型制定干预措施,探讨对照顾者口腔健康知识行为的影响。方法 选取2024年1—6月于吉林大学口腔医院就诊的72名3~6岁儿童龋病照顾者为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组36名照顾者。对照组接受常规干预措施,干预组接受基于COM-B理论模型制定的干预措施。评定两组照顾者口腔健康知识回答正确率、口腔健康相关行为,龋病儿童的牙龈指数、牙菌斑指数及口腔健康相关行为。结果 除“口腔健康对儿童的生活很重要”条目外,两组照顾者其余9个条目回答正确率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组患儿刷牙次数、刷牙时间及睡前吃甜食或者喝饮料情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。两组照顾者帮助儿童刷牙、检查儿童刷牙效果方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.323,16.000,均P<0.05)。干预组患儿干预前后牙龈指数分别为(1.61±0.64)分和(0.72±0.66)分,牙菌斑指数分别为(1.50±0.81)分和(0.67±0.53)分;对照组患儿干预前后牙龈指数分别为(1.58±0.77)分和(1.53±0.77)分,牙菌斑指数分别为(1.58±0.73)分和(1.61±0.76)分。干预后,两组患儿牙龈指数、牙菌斑指数比较,差异均有统计学意义(t=-4.750,-6.065,均P<0.05)。结论 基于COM-B理论模型的干预措施有效改善了3~6岁儿童龋病照顾者的照顾效果,为照顾者的健康行为干预设计提供了清晰具体的实践框架和流程,值得推广。
Objective To obtain the needs of caregivers of caries children aged 3-6 years old through a qualitative study,develop in-tervention measures based on ability,opportunity,motivation-behavior(COM-B)theoretical model,and explore the impact on their oral health knowledge behaviors.Methods Seventy-two caregivers of caries children aged 3-6 years old who visited Stomatological Hospital of Jilin University from January to June 2024 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into two groups,with 36 caregivers in each group.The caregivers in control group received conventional measures.The caregivers in intervention group received intervention meas-ures formulated based on COM-B theoretical model.The correct rates of oral health knowledge responses and oral health-related behaviors of the caregivers in the two groups,as well as gingival indexes,dental plaque indexes,and oral health-related behaviors of children with dental caries were evaluated.Results Except for the item"Oral health is important to children's life",there were statistically significant differences in the correct rates of the other 9 items between the two groups(all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the frequency of brushing teeth,the duration of brushing teeth,and the consumption of sweet food or beverages before bedtime of children between the two groups(all P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in helping children brushing their teeth and checking the effect of children brushing their teeth between the two groups(X^(2)=11.323,16.000,P<0.05).The gingival indexes of the children in in-tervention group before and after intervention were(1.61±0.64)and(0.72±0.66),respectively,and the dental plaque indexes were(1.50+0.81)and(0.67±0.53),respectively.The gingival indexes of the children in control group before and after intervention were(1.58±0.77)and(1.53±0.77),respectively,and the dental plaque indexes were(1.58±0.73)and(1.61±0.76),respectively.After intervention,there were statistically significant differences in gingival index and dental plaque index of children between the two groups(t=-4.750,-6.065,P<0.05).Conclusion The intervention measures based on COM-B theoretical model effectively improve the care effect of caregivers of caries children aged 3-6 years old,which provides a clear and specific practical framework and process for the design of health behavior intervention for caregivers,the method is worthy of promotion.
作者
邢佳琦
王文超
田雪梅
杨华
XING Jia-qi;WANG Wen-chao;TIAN Xue-mei;YANG Hua(Nursing College of Jilin University,Changchun,Jilin 130021,China;不详)
出处
《中国妇幼保健》
2025年第14期2590-2594,共5页
Maternal and Child Health Care of China
基金
吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术项目(JJKH20201127KJ)。
关键词
低龄儿童龋
照顾者
需求
COM-B理论模型
干预措施
口腔健康相关行为
Dental caries in young child
Caregiver
Need
COM-B theoretical model
Intervention measure
Oral health-related behavior
