摘要
精量播种是现代农业实现高产稳产的关键技术,精量播种机是实现高速、精量、节本增效的重要载体。种子在精量播种机内的运移过程主要由充种、携种、清种和导种4个环节组成。以种子在精量播种装置内的运移过程为基本分类,分别梳理了国内外精量播种机4个环节对应装置的技术特点和优缺点,得出无伤充种、平稳携种、有效清种和精确导种是提升精量播种技术精度和效率的主要技术措施。为满足现代农业生产对播种作业过程的精量化、有序单粒化、株距均匀化、节约资源和环境友好型农业技术的需求,指出了未来精量播种机种子运移过程与装置的重点研究方向,包括气力式充种环节中的气室压损最小化、电驱动排种环节中的精准控制技术、多级气力式清种环节中的种子有序单粒化,以及全约束导种环节中的“零速投种”原理和装置研究,旨在进一步提升精量播种技术的精度和效率,为满足现代农业对节能、高速、高效精量播种作业需求提供理论参考与借鉴。
Precision seeding was the modern agriculture key technology to achieve high and stable yields.Precision seeding machine was an important carrier to realize high-speed,precision,cost-saving and efficiency-increasing.The transport process in the precision seeding machine was mainly composed of four links:seed filling,seed carrying,seed cleaning and seed guiding.In this paper,the seed transport process in the precision seeding machine was taken as the basic classification,and the technical characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of the corresponding devices in the four links of the precision seeder at home and abroad were sorted out respectively.It is concluded that the main technical measures to improve the accuracy and efficiency of precision seeding technology were non-invasive seed filling,stable seed carrying,effective seed clearing and accurate seed guiding.In order to meet the needs of modern agricultural production for precise quantification,ordered single seeding,uniform plant spacing,resource conservation and environment-friendly agricultural technology in the seeding operation process,the key research directions and suggestions for the seed transport process and device of precision seeder in the future were put forward,including the minimization of air chamber pressure loss in the pneumatic seed filling link,the precise control technology in the electric drive seeding link,the ordered single seeding in the multi-stage pneumatic cleaning link,and the zero-speed seeding principle and device research in the fully constrained seeding guide link.The aim was to further improve the precision and efficiency of precision sowing technology,and provide theoretical reference to meet the demand for energy-saving,high-speed and high-efficiency precision seeding operations in modern agriculture.
作者
王光宇
衣淑娟
王淞
李帅霏
李衣菲
陶桂香
毛欣
Wang Guangyu;Yi Shujuan;Wang Song;Li Shuaifei;Li Yifei;Tao Guixiang;Mao Xin(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2025年第12期1-9,共9页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52275246)
黑龙江省重点研发计划重大项目(2022ZX05B02)
黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20220484)
黑龙江省高等教育教学改革研究项目(SJGY20220484)
黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2024-Y12,YJSCX2024-Z02,YJSCX2024-Y13)。
关键词
精量播种
种子运移
有序单粒化
零速投种
高速作业
precision seeding
seed transport
ordered single seeding
zero-speed seeding
high-speed operation
