摘要
为解决带式导种装置在高速(13~16 km/h)播种时单种腔内籽粒姿态不稳定、位置不一致的问题,设计了一种带式导种装置籽粒姿态矫正元件,该元件由5阶平行横纹构成,每3阶横纹对应1个种腔,横纹凸起高度为1 mm。并采用丁腈橡胶材料制作,当大豆接触到第1阶横纹后会被其调整成籽粒长轴垂直于输种带运行方向进行稳定导种。通过分析籽粒在碰撞形变阶段和碰撞恢复阶段的状态,明确籽粒在矫正区内的理论二维输种位置。利用EDEM离散元仿真软件进行矫正横纹最佳高度仿真试验,以倾角合格率和偏移合格率为评价指标,通过单因素试验分析籽粒从限位-矫正过渡阶段至矫正阶段终点的位移曲线,明确矫正横纹高度对籽粒横向运移规律,并得到横纹高度1.00 mm下籽粒倾角合格率平均值为95.7%,籽粒偏移合格率平均值为98.2%。利用高速摄像技术进行单因素对比试验,并以姿态变异系数和株距变异系数为指标进行矫正效果对比试验。对比试验结果表明,有矫正元件的带式导种装置姿态变异系数和株距变异系数均低于无矫正元件的带式导种装置;安装横纹高度为1 mm、厚度为4 mm的矫正元件后,籽粒姿态变异系数平均值为16.45%,株距变异系数平均值为12.78%,可满足高速精量播种作业要求。
Aiming to address the issue of unstable seed orientation and inconsistent seed positions within the single-seed chamber of a belt-type seed delivery device during high-speed seeding(13~16 km/h),a seed orientation correction element for the belt-type seed delivery device was designed.This element consisted of five parallel transverse ridges,each with a height of 1 mm,and was made from nitrile rubber.When soybeans came into contact with the first ridge,they were adjusted so that their long axis was oriented perpendicularly to the direction of the seed belt movement,thereby ensuring stable seed delivery.By analyzing the state of the seeds during the collision deformation phase and the collision recovery phase,the theoretical two-dimensional seed delivery position within the correction zone was clearly defined.Using the EDEM discrete element simulation software,a simulation experiment was conducted to determine the optimal height of the correction ridges.The qualification rate of seed inclination and the qualification rate of seed displacement were used as evaluation indicators.Through single-factor experiments,the displacement trajectory of the seeds from the seed-limiting to the correction phase was analyzed,clarifying the effect of the correction ridge height on the lateral movement of the seeds.The results showed that with a ridge height of 1.00 mm,the average qualification rate of seed inclination was 95.7%,and the average qualification rate of seed displacement was 98.2%.High-speed camera technology was used to conduct single-factor comparative experiments,with the orientation variability coefficient and plant spacing variation coefficient used as indicators to compare the correction effects.The comparative experiments demonstrated that the belt-type seed delivery device equipped with the correction element had lower orientation variability coefficients and plant spacing variation coefficients than the device without the correction element.With the correction element featuring a ridge height of 1 mm,the average orientation variability coefficient was 16.45%,and the average plant spacing variation coefficient was 12.78%,meeting the requirements for high-speed precision seeding operations.
作者
衣淑娟
王光宇
李衣菲
王淞
李帅霏
卫睿勇
YI Shujuan;WANG Guangyu;LI Yifei;WANG Song;LI Shuaifei;WEI Ruiyong(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)
出处
《农业机械学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期268-278,424,共12页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
黑龙江省重点研发计划重大项目(2022ZX05B02)
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2024E103)
黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新科研项目(YJSCX2024-Y12、YJSCX2024-Z02、YJSCX2024-Y13)。
关键词
大豆
高速精量播种机
带式导种装置
籽粒姿态矫正
定向导种
soybean
high-speed precision planter
belt-type seed guide device
seed correction
directional seed guidance
