摘要
综述了国际托卡马克型核聚变装置的发展、现状及未来展望。阐述了聚变能相对其他能源所具有的安全性高、燃料储量丰富、能量密度高、不会产生二氧化碳等温室气体、环境友好等优势;回顾了托卡马克的发展历程,从20世纪50年代托卡马克概念的提出到如今国际热核聚变实验堆的建造,重点介绍在国际上产生过重要影响成果及取得了重要关键技术突破的著名托卡马克装置,如那些验证了可控核聚变的科学可行性,获得了最高聚变能增益,创造了等离子体三乘积世界纪录,获得最高等离子体温度,发现了重要物理现象、机理与机制、发现或提出了新的或先进的运行模式的托卡马克装置;分析了托卡马克聚变堆尚待解决的诸如燃料循环、氚自持、材料等关键科学与技术挑战;最后展望了聚变堆托卡马克的未来发展方向及聚变能商业化前景。旨在为核聚变研究领域提供参考。
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development,current status and future prospects of Tokamak-type nuclear fusion devices in the world.First,it expounds the advantages of fusion energy compared with other energy sources,such as its high safety,abundant fuel reserves,high energy density,no greenhouse gas emissions like carbon dioxide and environmental friendliness.Subsequently,it focuses on reviewing the historical development of the Tokamak,from the concept's inception in the 1950s to the current construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER).It highlights the renowned tokamak devices that have made significant influential achievements and critical technological breakthroughs in the world,such as those that have validated the scientific feasibility of controlled nuclear fusion,achieved the highest fusion energy gain(Q),set world records for plasma triple products,reached the highest plasma temperatures,or revealed important physical phenomena,mechanisms,and new or advanced operation modes.Next,the paper also examines the critical scientific and technological challenges yet to be resolved for Tokamak fusion reactors,such as fuel cycles,tritium self-sufficiency,and materials issues.Finally,it offers perspectives on the future development direction of Tokamak fusion reactors and the commercialization prospects of fusion energy.This review aims to serve as a reference for the field of nuclear fusionresearch.
作者
武松涛
WU Songtao(Fusion Research Center,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)
出处
《科技导报》
北大核心
2025年第12期121-137,共17页
Science & Technology Review
关键词
托卡马克
核聚变
聚变能
聚变堆
等离子体
超导
tokamak
nuclear fusion
fusion energy
fusion reactor
plasma
superconductivity
