摘要
目的比较抗原快速法与实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法在流感病毒检测中的应用效果。方法收集2023年10月—2024年10月三明市疾病预防控制中心收集的1984例呼吸道鼻/咽拭子样本,分别采用抗原快速法和RT-qPCR法检测流感病毒;以RT-qPCR法作为“金标准”,采用Kappa检验分析抗原快速法与RT-qPCR法检测的一致性,计算抗原快速法的敏感度及特异度。结果1984例呼吸道样本中经RT-qPCR法检出流感病毒阳性347例,阳性率为17.49%,其中检出甲型流感231例(检出率为11.64%),乙型流感114例(检出率为5.75%),甲型流感和乙型流感混合2例(检出率为0.10%),3组流感类型检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1984例样本以抗原快速法检测流感病毒的特异度为99.51%,敏感度为87.90%;以RT-qPCR法作为“金标准”,采用抗原快速法检测流感病毒的值为0.909,两种方法的一致性较高。RT-qPCR法与抗原快速法检测在男性和女性患者中的检出率差异无统计学意义(男性:17.60%比15.42%;女性:17.37%比15.32%;均P>0.05);6岁以下人群的流感病毒检出率较高,RT-qPCR法和抗原快速法对甲型流感病毒的检出率分别为12.71%和11.94%,对乙型流感病毒的检出率分别为6.28%和5.82%,两种方法检出率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论抗原快速法与RT-qPCR法检测流感病毒的一致性较高,抗原快速法检测操作便捷,可以在保证一定检测效率的同时降低检测费用,有利于扩大检测范围,但敏感度还有待提高,最终的确诊结果应以RT-qPCR法检测结果为准,其高敏感度和特异度能为流感病毒的早期准确筛查提供更有效的帮助。
Objective To compare the application effects of antigen rapid method and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method in detection of influenza virus.Methods The 1984 samples of respiratory nasal/pharyngeal swab in Sanming Center for Disease Control and Prevention from October 2023 to October 2024 were collected,and influenza virus was detected using antigen rapid method and RT-qPCR method,respectively.Using RT-qPCR as"gold standard"method,the consistency between antigen rapid method and RT-qPCR method was analyzed using Kappa test,and the sensitivity and specificity of antigen rapid method were calculated.Results Out of 1984 respiratory tract samples,347 samples were detected as positive for influenza virus using RT-qPCR method,with a positivity rate of 17.49%.Among them,231 samples were detected for influenza A(detectable rate of 11.64%),114 samples were detected for influenza B(detectable rate of 5.75%),and two samples were mixed for influenza A and B(detectable rate of 0.10%).The difference in detectable rates of three groups of influenza was statistically significant(P<0.05).The specificity and sensitivity of antigen rapid method for detecting influenza virus in 1984 samples were 99.51%and 87.90%,respectively.Using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method as"gold standard",thevalue for detecting influenza virus of antigen rapid method was 0.909,indicating high consistency between the two methods.There was no statistically significant difference in detectable rate between RT-qPCR and antigen rapid methods in male and female patients(male:17.60%vs.15.42%;female:17.37%vs.15.32%;both P>0.05).The detectable rate of influenza virus in the population under 6 years old was relatively high.The detectable rates of influenza A virus by RT-qPCR and antigen rapid methods were 12.71%and 11.94%,respectively,and the detectable rates of influenza B virus were 6.28%and 5.82%,respectively.The differences in detectable rates between the two methods were not statistically significant(both P>0.05).Conclusions The consistency between antigen rapid method and RT-qPCR method for detecting influenza virus is high.The antigen rapid method has a convenient detection operation,which could ensure a certain detection efficiency while reducing detection costs and expanding the detection range.However,the sensitivity still needs to be improved.The final diagnosis results should be based on the detection result of RTqPCR method.Its high sensitivity and specificity could provide more effective assistance for early and accurate screening of influenza virus.
作者
庄金凤
Zhuang Jinfeng(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Sanming Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Sanming 365500,Fujian,China)
出处
《实用检验医师杂志》
2025年第2期172-175,共4页
Chinese Journal of Clinical Pathologist
关键词
抗原快速法
实时荧光定量PCR法
流感病毒检测
甲型流感
Antigen rapid method
Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method
Influenza virus detection
Influenza A
