摘要
近年来,工业作业产生的粉尘颗粒带来的健康风险逐渐加重。大量研究表明,长期暴露于生产性粉尘颗粒中与劳动者患呼吸系统职业病有密切关联。明确工业建筑室内粉尘颗粒暴露与劳动者健康不良影响的关系,对科学评价工业建筑环境安全和保证劳动者健康具有重要意义。现阶段针对粉尘颗粒毒性和生物学效应的研究使人们对粉尘颗粒暴露研究的重点已从环境评价逐渐转变为以个体健康效应为指标的评价,然而,目前工业粉尘颗粒暴露与健康效应的关联尚未完全明晰,并且在工业场所接触不同种类和水平粉尘颗粒对健康效应的影响也有待阐明。从粉尘颗粒对呼吸系统健康可能造成的损伤、粉尘的暴露健康效应关联及健康风险评价3方面回顾了工业粉尘颗粒对健康影响研究的相关进展,明晰了暴露对健康的影响作用及目前基于暴露效应模型定量表征粉尘颗粒作用机制的理论缺失及有效生物标志物选取的迫切性,为未来科学保护劳动者身体健康、不同类型工业环境监测指南和开发控制改善手段提供参考。
In recent years,the burden of health risks caused by dust particles generated by industrial operations has gradually increased.A large number of studies have shown that long-term exposure to productive dust particles is closely related to workers,respiratory occupational diseases,and the relationship between indoor exposure to dust particles in industrial buildings and adverse health effects in workers has been clarified.This is of great importance for the scientific evaluation of environmental safety and guarantee of workers,health.At present,research on the toxicity and biological effects of dust particles has gradually shifted the focus of research on dust particle exposure from environmental assessment to individual health effects.However,the correlation between exposure to industrial dust particles and health effects is not fully clarified,and the impact of exposure to different types and levels of dust particles on health effects in industrial settings remains to be clarified.This paper reviews the progress of research on the health effects of industrial dust particles at home and abroad from three aspects:the possible damage caused by dust particles to respiratory system health,the correlation of health effects of dust exposure and health risk assessment,and clarifies the effects of exposure on health and the current theoretical deficiencies in quantifying the mechanism of action of dust particles based on exposure effect models.And the urgency of effective biomarker selection,to provide reference information for future scientific protection of workers,health,different types of industrial environmental monitoring guidelines and development of control and improvement means.
作者
刘雅琳
柴怡华
黄艳秋
LIU Yalin;CHAI Yihua;HUANG Yanqiu(School of Building Services Science and Engineering,State Key Laboratory of Green Building,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,P.R.China)
出处
《土木与环境工程学报(中英文)》
北大核心
2025年第4期183-196,共14页
Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(52178089、52378110)
陕西省青年科技新星项目(2022KJXX-46)。
关键词
粉尘颗粒
吸入暴露
健康效应
生物标志物
室内环境
particles dust
inhalation exposure
health effects
biomarkers
indoor environment
