摘要
我国冶金、煤炭、化工等行业每年产生约4×109 t大宗工业固体废物(固废),制约了行业绿色转型。国家鼓励拓宽固废在矿山充填、生态修复、土壤改良等方面的生态化消纳途径,但目前生态化利用研究边界不明确,总体研究进展比较缓慢。为此,在研究团队近期提出的“地球宏循环”研究新范式下,本文进一步提出“类土壤化”新概念,较“生态化利用”更形象、较“土壤化”更全面,从“全固废”生态回填、“半成土”生态修复、“全成土”生态回归三个层次,在环境风险可控的前提下,提出将固废的属性拓展为“类似土壤”属性的新范式,通过构建固废消纳多维感知与路径决策体系,开发障碍因子协调消减技术及结构重构‒关键生源元素循环技术,建立固废“类土壤化”利用生态安全效应评价技术与标准体系,以期破解固废资源环境约束难题,从而实现从“废弃矿山”“荒芜渣山”到“绿水青山”的转变,达成大宗工业固体废物从自然中来到自然中去的终极目标,助力实施可持续发展战略、“双碳”战略,推进“无废城市”建设。
China’s metallurgical,coal,and chemical industries annually produce 4 billion tons of bulk industrial solid wastes,posing significant challenges to the green transformation of these industries.China has been actively promoting the eco-friendly disposal of such wastes,with key initiatives including mine filling,ecological restoration,and soil improvement.However,current research on ecological utilization remains poorly defined in scope,and its overall progress is relatively slow.Therefore,based on a new paradigm of“Earth’s macro-cycle”proposed by our research team,this study further proposes a new concept of soil-like utilization.Under the premise of controllable environmental risks,we propose a new development paradigm that expands the properties of solid wastes into soil-like properties at three levels:ecological backfilling of full solid wastes,ecological remediation through solid waste amendment,and ecological return of soil-like solid wastes.This development paradigm includes establishing a multi-dimensional perception and path decision-making system for solid waste disposal,developing coordinated mitigation technologies for obstacle factors as well as structure reconstruction‒critical biogeochemical element cycling technologies,and building an ecological safety evaluation technology and standardized system for the soil-like utilization of solid wastes.This study aims to address the challenges posed by resource and environmental constraints,facilitate the transformation from abandoned mines to lush mountains with lucid waters,and ultimately return solid industrial wastes to the nature.This will support the implementation of the sustainable development strategy,achievement of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,and development of zero-waste cities.
作者
李青竹
司梦莹
廖骐
杨卫春
杨志辉
柴立元
Li Qingzhu;Si Mengying;Liao Qi;Yang Weichun;Yang Zhihui;Chai Liyuan(School of Metallurgy and Environment,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control&Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution,Changsha 410083,China)
出处
《中国工程科学》
北大核心
2025年第3期106-116,共11页
Strategic Study of CAE
基金
中国工程院咨询项目“面向美丽中国建设的固体废弃物综合利用体系策略研究”(2024-XBZD-15)。
关键词
大宗工业固废
规模化消纳
类土壤化
新范式
障碍因子消减
结构重构‒关键生源元素循环
bulk industrial solid waste
large-scale disposal
soil-like
new paradigm
coordinated mitigation of obstacle factors
structure reconstruction‒critical biogeochemical element cycling
