摘要
针对掘锚机司机岗位处粉尘质量浓度高导致其职业健康受到严重威胁的问题,采用数值模拟与实验研究方法,研究司机呼吸带处粉尘质量浓度的分布情况,并研究粉尘质量浓度相关因素的影响规律。研究结果表明:相较于司机位置无气幕隔挡措施,气幕装置能够极大地降低掘锚机司机呼吸带的粉尘质量浓度,控尘效率可达87%以上,且控尘效率随着气幕供气参数的增大而逐渐增大,但增速逐渐变缓并趋于稳定,存在1个最佳效能区间或效能值;同时,气幕装置受巷道风速、巷道粉尘质量浓度、粉尘粒径的影响,巷道风速、巷道粉尘质量浓度、粉尘粒径越大防尘效果相对越差;提升气幕的供气量可增强其抗干扰能力,从而提升防尘能力。气幕防尘装置能够有效改善掘锚机司机的作业空气质量,提高司机的职业健康保障水平。研究结果可为掘锚机固定岗位个体防尘装置的设计优化及在煤矿等高粉尘作业环境的推广应用提供参考。
In order to address the severe threat to the occupational health of dig-anchor machine operators caused by high dust concentrations in their working site,this study conducts numerical simulations and experimental research methods to investigate the distribution of dust concentrations at the breathing zone of operators and the influencing factors related to dust concentration.The results indicate that,compared with the absence of an air curtain barrier,the air curtains can significantly reduce dust concentrations at the breathing zone of dig-anchor machine operators,achieving a dust control efficiency of over 87%.Meanwhile,the dust control efficiency gradually increases with the enhancement of air curtain supply parameters,but the growth rate gradually slows and tends to stabilize,indicating the existence of an optimal efficiency range or value.Furthermore,the effectiveness of air curtains is influenced by tunnel wind speed,tunnel dust concentration,and dust particle size.Specifically,higher tunnel wind speed,tunnel dust concentration,and dust particle size lead to a decline in dust suppression effectiveness..Increasing the air supply of the air curtains can enhance their anti-interference capability,thereby improving dust prevention capability.In conclusion,air curtain dust prevention devices can effectively improve the air quality in the working environment of dig-anchor machine operators and enhance occupational health protection.The research results can provide valuable references for optimizing the design of personal dust protection devices for fixed positions on dig-anchor machines and for their promotion and application in dust-intensive work environments such as coal mines.
作者
于永宁
孔文源
廉志华
郑磊
YU Yongning;KONG Wenyuan;LIAN Zhihua;ZHENG Lei(China Energy Shendong Coal Group Co.,Ltd.,Yulin Shaanxi 719315,China;Chongqing Institute of China Coal Technology&Engineering Group,Chongqing 400900,China)
出处
《中国安全生产科学技术》
北大核心
2025年第6期80-86,共7页
Journal of Safety Science and Technology
关键词
气幕
防尘
掘锚机
司机岗位
air curtain
dust prevention
dig-anchor machine
operator’s position
