摘要
目的探究不同种质蕨麻种子发育过程中的形态特征及解剖结构的变化,解析其种子繁殖的生物学特性,为蕨麻优良品种的筛选及繁育提供理论依据。方法本试验选用32份不同种质的蕨麻种子为试验材料,采用体式显微镜对种子的外观形态、微性状以及解剖结构进行观察,并利用SPSS软件对试验数据进行单因素方差分析、主成分分析等处理。结果通过对不同种质蕨麻种子的长、宽、千粒重、种皮厚度等进行方差分析,发现在不同种质之间这些性状均有显著差异,32份种质中,长度在1.70~2.36 mm之间,宽度在1.22~1.92 mm之间;千粒重在546.52~2483.61 mg之间;外种皮在16.76~139.35μm之间,中种皮在71.49~268.74μm之间,内种皮在52.61~153.70μm之间,胚表皮在6.30~54.83μm之间,与其他种皮相比中种皮更厚,种皮厚度(外种皮+中种皮+内种皮)在166.21~454.09μm;分析蕨麻种子与胚面积的对比得出胚占种子的整个面积较大,且青海蕨麻3号(品种)、刚察(哈尔盖)01、刚察(哈尔盖)02占比都较大,达到49%;对不同种质的蕨麻种子进行解剖发芽,发现剖开的种子发芽率高于完整种子的发芽率,剖开种子发芽率达到50%的有4个种质,最低发芽率为10%。结论不同种质的蕨麻种子,形状多为椭圆形和卵圆形,颜色多为褐色和深褐色,种子表面都有凹凸感,但凹凸程度不一样,且不同蕨麻种子的长度、宽度、千粒重都有较大差异;纵切处理可显著提高发芽率,表明蕨麻种子存在休眠特性。对不同种蕨麻种子性状进行主成分分析和综合评价,结果表明,黄南05得分最高,为2.32,说明其综合性状最优,是作为优良种质筛选的最佳材料。
Objective To explore the morphological characteristics and anatomical structure changes of different germplasm Potentilla anserina during seed development,analyze the biological characteristics of seed reproduction,and provide theoretical basis for the screening and breeding of excellent varieties of Potentilla anserina.Methods 32 seeds of different germplasm were selected as experimental materials,and the appearance morphology,micro properties and anatomical structure of seeds were observed by a type microscope.The experimental data were processed by one-way ANOVA and principal component analysis using SPSS software.Results The variance analysis of seed length,width,1000-grain weight and seed coat thickness showed that there were significant differences among different germplasm.The length and width of 32 germplasm ranged from 2.36 mm to 1.70 mm and 1.92 mm to 1.22 mm.The thousand grain weight was between 2483.61 mg and 546.52 mg.The outer seed coat ranged from 139.35μm to 16.76μm.The middle seed coat ranged from 268.74μm to 71.49μm.The inner seed coat ranged from 153.70μm to 52.61μm,and the embryonic epidermis ranged from 54.83μm to 6.30μm.The middle seed coat is thicker than other seed coats.The seed coat thickness(outer seed coat+middle seed coat+inner seed coat)was 454.09μm~166.21μm.The results of the comparison of seed and embryo area showed that the embryo accounted for the whole area of the seed,and the proportion of Qinghai Potentilla anserina No.3(variety),Gangcha(Haergai)01 and Gangcha(Haergai)02 was larger,up to 49%.It was found that the germination rate of open seeds was higher than that of whole seeds.The germination rate of open seeds reached 50%in 4 germplasm,and the lowest germination rate was 10%.Conclusion The seeds of different germplasm were mostly oval and oval in shape,brown and dark brown in color,with concave and convex on the seed surface,but the degree of concave and convex was different,and the length,width and 1000-grain weight of different seeds were significantly different.The germination rate was significantly increased by the longitudinal cutting treatment,which indicated that the seeds had dormancy characteristics.The results of principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation on seed traits of different species showed that Huangnan 05 had the highest score(2.32),indicating that Huangnan 05 had the best comprehensive traits and was the best material for screening fine germplasm.
作者
李涛
李军乔
靳玉娇
Li Tao;Li Junqiao;Jin Yujiao(College of Ecology and Environment,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China;Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Juema Industry Research Institute,Xining 810007,China)
出处
《青海科技》
2025年第2期110-125,共16页
Qinghai Science and Technology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“基于mGWAS的青藏高原蕨麻农艺性状、品质性状及生态适应机制研究”(U23A20152)。
关键词
蕨麻种子
形态特征
解剖结构
发芽率
Potentilla anserina seeds
Morphological characteristics
Anatomical structure
Germination rate
