摘要
社会服务是职业教育的重要使命,也是职业教育类型属性的功能体现。以2014-2024年期间、国家公开颁布的52份职业教育社会服务政策为研究对象,遵循“政策工具-政策主体-政策内容”的三维框架,采用内容分析法对政策进行梳理分析。结果显示,就政策工具来看,能力建设型和命令型工具使用最多,象征与倡导型工具最少;在政策主体方面,政府和学校提及最多;在政策内容方面,社会服务的内涵界定不够全面,服务规范以“激励-考核-保障-运行-协调”五大机制为核心,涵盖“社会-经济-教育-政治-文化”五大领域,基础建设聚焦课程、师资、实训资源和信息化治理。基于此,建议优化政策工具组合,构建均衡协同的工具体系,建立职业教育社会服务评价标准;强化政府、职业培训机构、社会力量角色发挥,激发办学活力;明确社会服务内涵,健全社会服务机制,均衡社会服务领域,强化服务基础建设,形成服务组合拳。
Scial service is a crucial mission of vocational education and a functional manifestation of its educational attributes.Taking 52 national-level social service policies for vocational education issued between 2014 and 2024 as the research object,this study applies a three-dimensional framework of"policy instruments,policy actors,and policy content"and uses content analysis to systematically analyze the policies.The results show:in terms of policy instruments,capacity building and command-and-control instruments are most frequently used,while symbolic and advocacy instruments are least utilized;regarding policy actors,governments and schools are most prominently mentioned;concerning policy content,the connotation of social services is incompletely defined.Service norms focus on five mechanisms:"incentive,assessment,guarantee,operation,and coordination",and cover five domains:"social,economic,educational,political,and cultural"with different emphases.Infrastructure construction focuses on curriculum,teaching staff,practical training resources,and information-based governance.Based on these findings,this study proposes optimizing the combination of policy instruments to construct a balanced and collaborative system,establishing evaluation standards for vocational education social services;strengthening the roles of governments,vocational training institutions,and social forces to stimulate educational vitality;clarifying the connotation of social services,improving service mechanisms,balancing service domains,and reinforcing infrastructure construction to form a comprehensive service strategy.
作者
刘玉婷
高山艳
Liu Yuting;Gao Shanyan
出处
《教育学术月刊》
北大核心
2025年第5期69-77,共9页
Education Research Monthly
基金
北京市教育科学“十四五”规划2024年度职教体系改革专项课题“职业学校社会服务收入绩效管理模式”(编号:AHCA24082)。
关键词
职业院校
社会服务
政策分析
政策工具
内容分析
vocational colleges
social service
policy analysis
policy instruments
content analysis
