摘要
福柯的思想在晚期发生了从权力到自我技术的转向,即由权力建构主体转向主体自我建构,这一转向中本被权力消解的规范和主体重新出现。对于这一转向何以发生,认为所谓转向在原计划中的连贯论和认为转向来自原计划失败的断裂论均忽视了转向前后的话语关系,因而难以解释转向根源。通过重建话语关系可见,一方面权力出于其无处不在的优先性而建构了规范和主体,另一方面权力的运作又依赖不被权力决定的规范和主体,这导致福柯权力思想出现规范和主体是内在于权力还是外在于权力的矛盾难题。既不破坏权力优先性原则、又使非决定的规范和主体得以可能的解决方式是诉诸权力的抵抗点模式,这正是自我技术的基本结构。可见福柯的晚期转向是为了解决权力思想的矛盾,具有必然性。对于这一解决方式,现有研究认为福柯倒退回了权力思想所批评的规范和主体模式。实际上,福柯将规范和主体的内涵分别发展为可能性和自我,这一发展从反方向补全了而非推翻了权力思想。可见福柯的晚期转向并非退回权力思想的反面,具有融贯性。
There was a transition from power to technologies of self in Foucault's late thoughts,which transitioned from power-con-struction to self-construction,wherein the"norm"and"subject"that were previously dissolved by power re-emerge.Regarding how this transition occurs,both the coherence theory,which posits that the so-called transition is within the original plan,and the discon-nection theory,which argues that the transition arises from the fail-ure of the original plan,overlook the discourse relationship,making it difficult to explain the reason of the transition.Recon-structing the discourserelationship throughdiscourse analysis reveals that,on one hand,power possesses an omnipresent priority,thus constructing norms and subjects;on the other hand,the operation of power also requires norms and subjects that it cannot deter-mine.That leads to the paradox of whether norms and subjects are inherent to power or external to it.The only way to allow for the possibility of norms and subjects while maintaining the principle of power's priority is to resort to the model of points of resistance,which is the fundamental structure of technologies of self.There-fore,Foucault's transition aims to resolve the dual contradictions in his earlier thoughts,making this transition necessary.Existing re-search suggests that Foucault regresses to the model of norm and subject criticized by his power theory.In reality,Foucault develops the connotations of"norm"and"subject"into"possibility"and"soi",respectively,which complements rather than overturns power from the reversedirection.Consequently,Foucault's later thought does not revert to the antithesis of power theory;instead,the two possess coherence.
出处
《当代国外马克思主义评论》
2024年第4期158-190,共33页
Contemporary Marxism Review
基金
2025年江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划“对肯定性权力的批判何以可能:重释福柯的权力悖论”(KYCX25_3405)的阶段性成果
关键词
权力
自我技术
规范
主体
福柯晚期转向
Power
Technologies of Self
Norm
Subject
Foucault's Late Transition
