摘要
具有属物性的契约(简称“属物契约”)以债物二分下的中间样态为逻辑前提,后者表现为冗杂的各种现象,需借以“动态—静态”“渐进性权利样态—交错叠加型权利样态”的体系进路予以整合。属物契约的体系定位系“债物二分—中间样态—静态视角—叠加样态—广义债之关系:物上之债—意定物上之债—属物契约”,理论基础在于意定的物上之债,本质仍是债之契约,具有目的性、附着性、公示性、特定性、意定性、恒久性的特征,旨在实现物上秩序意定化的功能,可得直接适用、修正适用、排除适用我国实定法规范,并通过类推适用和目的性扩张填补规范缺失的法律漏洞,若条件合宜时,应以再立法实现参照适用或直接抽象出要件和法效。前数字时代,由于属物契约面临债物功能截然二分的理念之困、物的客观可识别特定化之困、契约关系对特定物的附着之困,导致其仅停留于理论层面。进入数字时代,数字理念将推动债物的功能复合,数字命名和数字终端将赋能物的客观可识别特定化,数字存储和数字平台将赋能契约关系对特定物的附着,从而属物契约将从理论走向实践,并对债物二分体系甚至公私法秩序产生深重的影响。
The intermediate modality under the Separation Principle between Obligations and Proprietary Rights(referred to as the dichotomy)serves as the logical premise for Contracts in Rem.However,due to the fragmented manifestations of such modalities,systematic integration becomes imperative.The systematic positioning of Contracts in Rem is:“intermediate modality under the dichotomy→overlapping modality in static perspective→intentional Realobligation→Contracts in Rem”.Theoretically grounded in intentional Realobligation,Contracts in Rem retain contractual essence while exhibiting six core attributes:purposiveness,adherence,publicity,specificity,consensuality,and perpetuity.Functionally,it aims to fulfil the intentionalisation of the order in rem.Regarding the application of norms,it enable direct,modified,or exclusionary application of China's norms,address legal lacunae through analogical reasoning and teleological expansion,and may be directly reflected in legislation in the future.In the pre-digital era,Contracts in Rem remained theoretical due to three constraints:(1)the rigid ideas of the dichotomy;(2)the limitations in objectively identifiable specificity of objects;(3)the impracticality of attaching contractual relationships to physical objects.Entering the digital era,the digital ideas will promote the functional composite of the dichotomy,digital naming and digital terminals will empower the objectively identifiable specificity of objects,digital storage and digital platforms will empower the attachment of contractual relations to specific objects,thus the Contracts Rem will move from theory to practice and have a profound impact on the dichotomy and even the public-private legal order.
作者
夏沁
欧阳志宇
XIA Qin;OUYANG Zhi-yu(School of Law,Central South University,Changsha 410012,China)
出处
《时代法学》
2025年第3期78-90,共13页
Presentday Law Science
基金
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(编号:23B0005)
中南大学研究生科研创新项目(编号:1053320231257)的支持。
关键词
属物契约
物上之债
债物二分
中间样态
数字时代
Contracts in Rem
Realobligation
Separation Principle between Obligations and Proprietary Rights
Intermediate Modality
Digital Era
